Как выполнять задание по грамматике в ОГЭ по английскому языку? Лексико-грамматические тестовые задания для подготовки к огэ.

Мы с учениками делаем это по следующей схеме:

Если перед нами существительное :
1) Наиболее вероятный вариант – образовать от него форму множественного числа (выучить все исключения, типа foot – feet, а если мн. ч. образуется по общему правилу, то быть внимательным – не меняется ли конечная y на i, не меняется ли f на v, не добавляется ли -es вместо привычного – s и прочая головная боль).
2) Менее вероятный – притяжательная форма существительного (вроде world – world’s). Я такие задания не видела, но мало ли … Распознать этот случай легко – после пропуска будет стоять еще одно существительное.
Если видите местоимение (например, I), ставите его в правильный падеж – объектный (me), притяжательный (my или mine). Также в задании встречаются возвратные местоимения (myself). Или указательное местоимение (this, that) можно ставите во мн. ч. Неопределенные местоимения (some, any, no, every и их производные) в тестах не видела, но кодификатор предупреждает, что они могут попасться.
С числительными все волшебно просто – преобразуем порядковое в количественное и количественное в порядковое. Главное – выучить все тонкости их правильнописания.
Прилагательное или наречие ставим в какую-то из степеней сравнения. Если после пропуска стоит than, это сравнительная, а если перед пропуском – the, то превосходная.
Внимание! Ученики то и дело норовят в этом задании сделать из прилагательного наречие или дописать спереди отрицательную приставку. Обращаем внимание, что так можно делать только в следующем задании.
А вот с глаголами придется попотеть. И сначала понять – перед нами личная форма (та, которая изменяется по временам) или неличная (причастие активное или пассивное).
1) Узнать причастие легко – в предложении уже есть сказуемое, выраженное личной формой глагола. Когда узнали, думаем – активное или пассивное у него значение.
2) Если в предложении пропуск стоит после подлежащего, и сказуемого недостает, перед нами точно личная форма.
Как и с причастием, решаем активный это залог или пассивный (переведя предложение) и дальше думаем, в какое время его поставить. В этом же предложении (ну, или в предыдущих) могут стоять слова-подсказки. Если их нет, смотрим на само предложение и что его окружает.
Пройдя все эти подводные камни, не ошибиться бы еще в написании формы глагола, выучив правила орфографии и неправильные глаголы.
Также нужно уметь распознавать предложения условия (и конструкции с I wish) или согласование времен в косвенной речи, которые также могут тут встретиться.

Разберем эту часть из демоверсии ОГЭ:

Once there were four children whose names were Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy. This story happened to __________________ when they had to leave their home city, London, during the war. THEY
Раз стоит после глагола, значит это объектный падеж (them).

They __________________ to the house of an old Professor who lived in the country, ten miles from the nearest railway station. SEND
Пропуск сразу после подлежащего – точно личная форма, после перевода предложения ясно, что их послали, значит это пассив. Слов-подсказок нет, но в окружающих предложениях идет последовательность действий, выраженная Past Simple, значит это тот же случай (were sent).

He __________________ a wife and he lived in a very large house with a housekeeper. NOT/HAVE
Опять личная форма, и точно активный залог. Все та же последовательность действий в Past Simple (did not have/ didn’t have/ hadn’t/ had not).

He himself was a very old man with white hair which grew over most of his face as well as on his head. The children liked him almost at once. Only Lucy, who was the __________________ of them, felt a little afraid of him. YOUNG
Прилагательное, перед пропуском определенный артикль – превосходная степень сравнения (youngest). Некоторые забываются, и пишут два слова – the youngest, чего делать нельзя!

On their __________________ evening, after dinner, they said good night to the Professor and went upstairs. It was the largest house they had ever seen, so Peter suggested exploring it in the morning. ONE
Совсем просто – меняем количественное числительное на порядковое (first).

When the next morning came, there was a steady rain falling. “I wish the weather __________________ more cheerful!” said Edmund. BE
Конструкция с I wish в школе изучается только в сочетании с Past Simple после нее (was/ were).

“Stop complaining, Ed,” said Susan. “I think the weather __________________ soon.” IMPROVE
Опять личная форма (сразу после подлежащего), по смыслу ясно, что это активный залог и говорим о будущем (will improve/is going to improve).

“We were going to explore the house,” Peter reminded them. He __________________ a sandwich at the moment and was absolutely happy with the whole situation. EAT
Опять личная форма, активный залог, и подсказка – at the moment, значит время группы Continous, а глагол в прошлом в этом предложении дает основания предполагать, что это Past Continous (was eating).

Everyone nodded and at that point their amazing adventures __________________. BEGIN
Личная форма, активный залог, последовательность действий (began).

Плохая новость: подготовка к этой части очень трудоемкая, ее нужно начинать хотя бы за год, и требует она кропотливой работы.

Хорошая новость: при должном усердии можно всю грамматику освоить, и это задание делать за 10 минут, сохраняя время для остальных частей ОГЭ. Здесь нет того элемента неожиданности, который присутствует в аудировании и чтении.

И несколько общих советов по выполнению:

Читать ВЕСЬ текст сплошняком, потому что подсказка на грамматическую форму может быть не в этом конкретном предложении, а в предыдущем. Или в последующем.
Если вы правильно определили форму, озаботьтесь еще ее правильным написанием. При корявой орфографии не зачтут.
Глагольные формы могут быть полные или краткие, без разницы (haven’t или have not).
Проверьте еще раз.
Если ничего не знаете, все равно напишите хоть что-нибудь, мало ли.

Тренировка

Для подготовки к именно этой части экзамена очень рекомендую вот эту книгу.

На этой странице представлены варианты заданий в формате ОГЭ открытого банка заданий ФИПИ http://www.fipi.ru . Лично мне при подготовке сразу нескольких учащихся одновременно удобнее пользоваться бумажным вариантом, чем онлайн-тестами, особенно во время индивидуальных занятий с ними. Пользуйтесь с удовольствием

Скачать:

Предварительный просмотр:

https://accounts.google.com

Предварительный просмотр:

Чтобы пользоваться предварительным просмотром создайте себе аккаунт (учетную запись) Google и войдите в него: https://accounts.google.com

Предварительный просмотр:

B4–B12 B4–B12 .

Judy was afraid of the dark. At night she always______ the lights on.	LEAVE
Judy couldn’t explain what exactly she was afraid of. She________ in monsters or in ghosts.		NOT/BELIEVE
She was one of those rare girls who never screamed when she saw spiders,_______ and frogs.		MOUSE
But everyone in her family knew that a dark room was the_________ of her fears.
One day, when Judy_________ something in her room, her mother came in holding a big shopping bag.		DRAW
“Guess what I________,” she said to Judy.
“I have no idea. Is it for_______ ?” Judy felt very curious about the bag.
Her mother pulled two packages from her shopping bag. In the first package there were some very nice slippers. They______ from soft, pink fabric and had bright flashing lights. Inside the second package were glow-in-the-dark pyjamas!		MAKE
Judy said she_______ to try them on immediately. Amazingly, she felt safe all through the night. In a few days the lights stopped flashing but Judy realised she didn’t feel afraid of the dark any more.		WANT

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B13–B18 B13–B18 .

It all started in 1865. A group of Frenchmen were having dinner in one of the most_______ restaurants near Paris.

FASHION

They talked about the democratic changes in the USA and wanted to support the American people. After a short______ they agreed on an original idea.			DISCUSS
The idea was suggested by Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, a sculptor and_______ . He said they could make a statue of a woman holding the torch of freedom.			DESIGN
It was an ambitious project and it was_______ to complete it quickly.	POSSIBLE
It actually took 21 years for this idea to become a reality. The French people raised money to build the statue, and,_________ , in 1886 it was ready.			FINAL
On July 4, 1886 the United States received their__________ gift - the Statue of Liberty!		AMAZE

Предварительный просмотр:

Вариант 7.

Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию B4–B12 .

Tracey was very unhappy and scared. She was starting a new school. “I________ to go to school today,” Tracey told her father.			NOT/WANT
“I understand, Tracey,” he said. “Starting a new school can be very difficult. But you have to.” A month before ______ family had moved to a new town and everything was still new and strange for Tracey.					THEY
Dad smoothed Tracey’s hair down and _____ her a little hug,		GIVE
“When your classes___ over, I’ll pick you up, ok?”
When Tracey got to school and looked at the big building, she thought, “I wish I_____ run away,” but she knew it was impossible.
She took a deep breath and walked up the steps to school. She went straight into her ______ grade classroom.					FIVE
“That must be Tracey,” “Hello, Tracey!”, “Welcome, Tracey!” the_______ in the room welcomed her.				CHILD
Everyone seemed friendly and Tracey felt a little _______.	GOOD
The father picked her up after school. “How was your day?” he asked. To his surprise Tracey answered that she_______ her new school. “You are a brave girl,” her father said. “I’m proud of you.”					LIKE

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст.

B13–B18 .

Have you heard of a Tadeus Bodnar? He is a _____ Hungarian hairdresser.	FAME
Not long ago he stopped using the _____ scissors and comb. Now his instruments are axes, irons and vacuum cleaners.		TRADITION
Now he is very_____ and happy because with his innovative techniques he can express himself better.		SUCCESS
He cuts hair in his shop in Budapest by chopping it with an axe. Then he styles the hair using a vacuum cleaner, or straightens it with an iron. It’s difficult to believe but the extravagant hairdresser is very popular. Many people find him very_____ .		CREATE
Every day there’s an______ line of people streaming to his shop.
They wish to change their _____and have a thrilling, new experience.	APPEAR

Предварительный просмотр:

Вариант 8. Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст.

так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию B4–B12.

Dana Miller was a bus driver in the city of Philadelphia. Her working hours____ from 10.00 pm till 6:00 am.
It was a hard job and very few____ worked as bus drivers in those days but Dana loved her job very much.			WOMAN
One of her regular passengers was a guitar player. Every Friday night he got on the bus carrying his guitar. The guitar____ of wood, not plastic and Dana liked the way it sounded.			MAKE
“You should come to see our show,” the guitarist kept saying to Dana. “I____ it one day,” Dana promised each time,
but she never said when exactly she______ . Another passenger who often used Dana’s bus was a Biscuit Lady.
She worked at the biscuit factory and often ____ Dana a small bag of biscuits.	GIVE
Dana____ sweets and pastries very much, but she could never resist those biscuits – they were so fresh and tasty.		NOT/LIKE
“How was___ night?” Dana’s husband liked to ask her when she came home. “Good music, good food and a great view of the city,” she cheerfully answered.
“I wish I_____ my work as much as you enjoy yours,” her husband said, “ but I’m going to have just another boring day at the office.”			ENJOY

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст.

Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию B13–B18 .

Many tourists find they don"t like staying in city hotels. They prefer to avoid_____ cities completely.

NOISE

They are attracted instead to dramatic views of mountains and _____ valleys.		PEACE
If you like this sort of tourism, Mountain View Camp is for you. You’ll have an____ vacation there.		FORGETTABLE
The Camp has a view over the_____ Hampson Valley.	IMPRESS
In the camp, tourists can rent either tents or bungalows. All the guests have free access to different facilities such as kitchens, bathrooms and playgrounds for children. The camp is a successful_____ of both comfort and a green environment.		COMBINE
The tourists can also have lunch in one of the many restaurants and try European or_______ cuisine.		NATION

Предварительный просмотр:

Вариант 9.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст.

Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словам и. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18-26.

When I came into the room, my computer was on. It worried me since I_____ switching it on.		NOT/REMEMBER
I looked around – there_____ nobody in my room and everything was in its usual place.
Suddenly I_____ – the book had gone! I had left it on the table but it wasn’t there any more.		UNDERSTAND
I checked the window – it______ .	CLOSE
That meant that someone had come into the room through the door. My_____ impulse was to call the police but I called Jim instead.

“What____ ?” Jim sounded sleepy.	HAPPEN
I explained that someone______ the book. “Oh, no!” Jim sounded unhappy. “Have you any idea how valuable it is?”		TAKE
“There’s another thing I_____ understand,” I interrupted Jim. “My computer’s on but I always switch it off before leaving home.”			NOT/CAN
“Ok, stay at home. I’ll be at______ place in half an hour,” he said and the phone went dead.

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст.

Learning languages is becoming a popular hobby with children and adults. It’s not only interesting but very_____ , too.

Foreign languages improve memory and develop______ .

IMAGINE

People who are able to speak two or more languages_______ are usually more successful than their monolingual colleagues. 18-26 так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 18-26 .

18. As a child, Steven lived in a village. Outside the village there was a house where a strange old woman and her granddaughter Eliza lived. The___ often played together.		CHILD
19. One day, Eliza_____ unusually sad. When Steven was about to leave, the old woman said, “I know you are friends. But never come to our house again. Never ever!”
20. The girl took the boy to the gate. “Will you miss me?” she asked. The boy said, “Yes, I will!” To his surprise, the girl said, “But I won’t! I______ to see you anymore!” She closed the gate.		NOT/WANT
21. The next day the girl_____ for the city.	LEAVE
22. Steven was upset but he hoped that one day he_____Eliza again.
23. Five years later Steven became a student and moved to the city. He rented a small apartment on the_____floor.
24. One day, when he____ to the university, he saw Eliza. She was sitting on the bench in the park with an ice-cream in her hand. He ran up to her and said “Hello! It’s nice to see you again!”		WALK
25. But Eliza looked up at_____ , stood up and walked away.
26. “I wish I_____ what is going on,” Steven said to himself, and decided to start his own investigation.		KNOW

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 27-32 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 27-32 .

27. Choosing a career is one of the most difficult choices we have to make in our lives. There are lots of interesting and______ professions, but which of them is the right choice for you?

EXCITE

28. Researchers who work in_____ and sociology asked people across the UK what their dream job would be.		EDUCATE
29. And the results were quite_____ .	EXPECTED
30. According to the survey, people find modest jobs like charity work or gardening the most______ .		ATTRACT
31. Often at the top of their list are jobs such as a nurse or a______ .	TEACH
32. The study also shows that people in the UK are very_____ and focus on PRACTICE Dream jobs they have a realistic chance of getting.

При ознакомлении с демонстрационным вариантом 2016 г. (ПЧ) следует иметь в виду, что задания, включенные в демонстрационный вариант, не отражают всех элементов содержания, которые будут проверяться с помощью вариантов КИМ в 2016 г. Полный перечень элементов содержания, которые могут контролироваться на экзамене 2016 г., приведен в кодификаторе элементов содержания экзаменационной работы для выпускников IX классов общеобразовательных учреждений по английскому языку.

Демонстрационный вариант предназначен для того, чтобы дать возможность любому участнику экзамена и широкой общественности составить представление о структуре экзаменационной работы, числе и форме заданий, а также об их уровне сложности. Приведенные критерии оценивания выполнения заданий с развернутым ответом, включенные в демонстрационный вариант экзаменационной работы, позволят составить представление о требованиях к полноте и правильности записи развернутого ответа.

Эти сведения дают выпускникам возможность выработать стратегию подготовки к сдаче экзамена по английскому языку.

Инструкция по выполнению работы

Письменная часть экзаменационной работы по английскому языку состоит из четырех разделов, включающих в себя 33 задания.

На выполнение заданий письменной части экзаменационной работы отводится 2 часа (120 минут).

В разделе 1 (задания по аудированию) предлагается прослушать несколько текстов и выполнить 8 заданий на понимание прослушанных текстов. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение заданий данного раздела — 30 минут.

Раздел 2 (задания по чтению) содержит 9 заданий на понимание прочитанных текстов. Рекомендуемое время на выполнение заданий раздела — 30 минут.

Раздел 3 (задания по грамматике и лексике) состоит из 15 заданий.

Ответы к заданиям 3—8 и 10—17 записываются в виде одной цифры, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа. Эту цифру запишите в поле ответа в тексте работы.

Ответы к заданиям 1, 2, 9, 18—32 записываются в виде последовательности цифр или слова (словосочетания) в поле ответа в тексте работы.

В случае записи неверного ответа на задания разделов 1—3 зачеркните его и запишите рядом новый.

В разделе 4 (задание по письму) дано 1 задание, предлагающее написать личное письмо. Задание выполняется на отдельном листе.

При выполнении заданий можно пользоваться черновиком. Записи в черновике не учитываются при оценивании работы.

Баллы, полученные Вами за выполненные задания, суммируются. Постарайтесь выполнить как можно больше заданий и набрать наибольшее количество баллов.

Желаем успеха!

Раздел 1 (задания по аудированию)

1

In a park
In a shop
In a vet clinic
In a hotel
At a party

2

The speaker talks about his/her favourite subject.
The speaker talks about his/her after-class activities.
The speaker describes his/her school classroom.
The speaker explains how to use the school library.
The speaker describes a school book exhibition.
The speaker explains what his/her friend is angry about.

Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами.

3

Where does Kevin’s family live?

In Canada.
In France.
In Britain.

4

Who is Kevin travelling with?

His parents.
His class.
On his own.

5

What is Kevin’s hobby?

Tourism.
Sports.
Music.

6

What kind of job does Kevin want to do in the future?

He wants to be in show business.
He wants to be an IT engineer.
He wants to be a scientist.

7

What is Kevin planning to do next year?

To start university.
To continue school.
To travel abroad.

8

What souvenirs has Kevin bought?

Pictures of the city.
Printed T-shirts.
Souvenir mugs.

Раздел 2 (задания по чтению)

9

The scientific explanation
The real shape
A lucky sign
Some tips
Places without rainbows
A personal vision
A bridge between worlds
Impossible to catch

Two people never see the same rainbow. Each person sees a different one. It happens because the raindrops are constantly moving so the rainbow is always changing too. Each time you see a rainbow it is unique and it will never be the same! In addition, everyone sees colours differently according to the light and how their eyes interpret it.

A rainbow is an optical phenomenon that is seen in the atmosphere. It appears in the sky when the sun’s light is reflected by the raindrops. A rainbow always appears during or immediately after showers when the sun is shining and the air contains raindrops. As a result, a spectrum of colours is seen in the sky. It takes the shape of a multicoloured arc.

Many cultures see the rainbow as a road, a connection between earth and heaven (the place where God lives). Legends say that it goes below the earth at the horizon and then comes back up again. In this way it makes a permanent link between what is above and below, between life and death. In some myths the rainbow is compared to a staircase connecting earth to heaven.

We all believe that the rainbow is arch-shaped. The funny thing is that it’s actually a circle. The reason we don’t see the other half of the rainbow is because we cannot see below the horizon. However, the higher we are above the ground, the more of the rainbow’s circle we can see. That is why, from an airplane in flight, a rainbow will appear as a complete circle with the shadow of the airplane in the centre.

In many cultures there is a belief that seeing a rainbow is good. Legends say that if you dig at the end of a rainbow, you’ll find a pot of gold. Rainbows are also seen after a storm, showing that the weather is getting better, and there is hope after the storm. This is why they are associated with rescue and good fortune. If people happen to get married on such a day, it is said that they will enjoy a very happy life together.

You can never reach the end of a rainbow. A rainbow is all light and water. It is always in front of you while your back is to the sun. As you move, the rainbow that your eye sees moves as well and it will always ‘move away’ at the same speed that you are moving. No matter how hard you try, a rainbow will always be as far away from you as it was before you started to move towards it.

To see a rainbow you have to remember some points. First, you should be standing with the sun behind you. Secondly, the rain should be in front of you. The most impressive rainbows appear when half of the sky is still dark with clouds and the other half is clear. The best time to see a rainbow is on a warm day in the early morning after sunrise or late afternoon before sunset. Rainbows are often seen near waterfalls and fountains.

Запишите в таблицу выбранные цифры под соответствующими буквами.

The Best Job in the World

Have you ever heard of the Great Barrier Reef? It is the world’s largest coral reef system along the eastern coast of Australia. In February 2009 an extraordinary position was advertised by the Australian Tourism Office. The advertisement ran that the Great Barrier Reef needed a caretaker for half a year. It was for a special person who would look after the Reef.

The job offered a large salary, free accommodation in a luxury villa, and transportation there and around the islands. All expenses would be paid: the winner wouldn’t need to spend any extra money on anything.

The job’s duties were pretty simple. You could only dream of such requirements. First, the person had to speak English and swim well. Second, on the island his responsibility included writing a weekly Internet blog. That’s right, weekly, not even daily! The job description also required the successful applicant to explore the islands of the Great Barrier Reef, swim, make friends with the locals and generally enjoy the tropical climate and lifestyle. A real dream!

Within the first 2 days of the contest, the tourism office received more than seven thousand online applications. All told, 34,000 people of all different nationalities applied. Each made and presented a 60-second video resume. They had to be creative and they were. In the end 16 people were chosen, who flew to Australia for the final selection. The candidates were interviewed and the winner was Ben Southall from the UK.

Ben greatly enjoyed the dream job he had got. He realised that people knew very little about planet earth and its treasures. Living in big cities, they forgot how important the flora and fauna of this world were. Every time Ben went outdoors, he could discover something new. “Every time I dived or went underwater, I forgot about all the troubles above water and concentrated on living in the moment. It was a good way to clean the mind and build respect for the natural world,” Ben said.

Ben’s life on the island was not just fun. It was very busy, busier than most people imagined, and certainly busier than Ben himself had imagined. He worked seven days a week and up to 19 hours a day. The Best Job included travelling to over 60 islands of the Reef almost every day. It was not just looking after the Reef, Ben had a lot of meetings, press conferences and interviews. He was getting a lot of attention all the time and he couldn’t get away from it. That was probably the hardest part of the job.

Moreover, any adventure has a certain degree of risk. Swimming and diving on the Great Barrier Reef was not different. Ben had to deal with whales, sharks and other huge sea creatures. Surprisingly, the most dangerous thing was a small jellyfish about the size of a little finger. It’s considered to be extremely poisonous and Ben was stung by it. He had to spend a couple of days in hospital but luckily recovered after a course of antibiotics.

Ben often says that the project has taught him a few valuable lessons. Working with the Internet is one of those jobs you can do 24 hours a day. Ben realised it was hard to separate life and work, but this he had to do. He also said: "I’ve learned that we get one life on earth so we have to use it. There’ll always be other countries to visit, other people to meet and other adventures to meet. This is what I wish to do. I’m planning to go to Asia in a few years time".