Исаак Ньютон биография на английском известного ученого поможет составить рассказ о нем.
Ньютон биография на английском
Isaac Newton was born in the county of Lincolnshire, England in 1643. His father died just months before he was born, and when he was three years old, his mother left him in the care of his grandmother. Isaac was always a top student, and went off to the University of Cambridge at age 19. While at Cambridge, Newton was influenced by the writings of Galileo, Nicholas Copernicus, and Johannes Kepler. By 1665, Newton began developing a mathematical theory that would lead to the development of calculus, one of the fundamental branches of mathematics. Newton would go on to discover other important math theories such as Newton’s Identities, and Newton’s Method.
In 1670, Newton moved on to the study of optics and developed theories relating to the composition of white light and the spectrum of colors. In one of his famous experiments, he refracted white light with a prism, resolving it into its constituent colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. As a result of his experiments, he developed Newton’s Theory of Color, which claimed that objects appear certain colors because they absorb and reflect different amounts of light. Newton was the first scientist to maintain that color was determined solely by light, and his findings created much controversy. Most scientists thought that prisms colored light. Nevertheless, Newton then created the world’s first color wheel, which arranged different colors around the circumference of a circle. He is also credited as the first scientist to explain the formation of a rainbow – from water droplets dispersed in the atmosphere. In 1679, Newton continued his work on gravitation and its effects on the planets. In 1687, he published Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. In this landmark work, Newton explained his three laws of motion, which included his theory on gravity. According to Newton, gravity is the reason that objects fall to the ground when dropped. Moreover, gravity is the reason why planets orbit the sun, while moons orbit planets, and why ocean tides exist. Newton’s theories remain among the most important concepts in the history of science. There is some evidence that Newton’s ideas concerning gravity were inspired by apples falling from trees. There is no evidence to suggest, however, that any of the apples hit him in the head (as cartoons and fables suggest). Below are Newton’s three laws of motion: Newton’s First Law (Law of Inertia) states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest and that an object in uniform motion tends to stay in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.Newton’s Second Law states that an applied force on an object equals the time rate of change of its momentum. Newton’s Third Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Following the publication of his work, Newton became instantly famous throughout Europe. In the later years of his life he wrote several articles on interpretation of the bible. He was also appointed a member of the British Parliament and spent many years reforming the Royal Mint (coin making agency of Parliament). He died on March 20, 1727.
isaac newton short biography
Isaac Newton one of the greatest men in the history of science was born in a little village in the middle of the 17th century. He studded math at Cambridge University. Newton’s contribution to physics astronomy and math is so great that, he may be considered the founder of the mordent mathematics and physics. He discovered the law of motion and the universal law of gravitation. He studded the nature of light and colour and came to the conclusion that white colour consists of many different colours known as spectrum. He died when he was 84 and was burred at Westminster Abbey.
Sir Isaac Newton is an English scientist and mathematician. He was born in 1642, on the 25 th of December in the little village of Woolsthorpe in England. His father was a wealthy farmer but he had died before Isaac was born.
Newton published his discoveries in two books which contain his three laws of motion and the universal gravitation law. The scientist used these laws to predict the motion of the planets around the Sun, the stars and comets motion. Isaac Newton studied optics and developed the theory of colour: he discovered that a prism could decompose white light into a multicoloured spectrum. He was also the constructor of the first practical reflecting telescope in the world. As for mathematics he and Leibniz developed the fundamental theorem of infinitesimal calculus.
Moreover Isaac Newton devoted his time to studying theology and practicing alchemical experiments. It is known that he published some of his theological researches. He made an attempt to predict the end of the world and he estimated it would happen after the year of 2060.
Newton studied at Trinity College in Cambridge University. His incredible aptitude was recognized early. It was there that he discovered the generalized binomial theorem. Then he moved to London in 1969 where he lived until his death in 1727. The scientist was also a member of the Parliament of England. Newton died in his sleep at the age of 84 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. He was never married and died intestate.
Isaac Newton is considered to be the most influential scientist in the history of mankind. His discoveries on physics, astronomy and mathematics provided a basis for modern science and his ideas changed our world.
Перевод
Сэр Исаак Ньютон – английский ученый и математик. Он родился в 1642 году, 25 декабря в маленькой деревушке Вулсторп в Англии. Его отец был зажиточным фермером, однако он умер до того, как родился Исаак.
Ньютон опубликовал свои открытия в двух книгах, содержащих три закона механики и закон всемирного тяготения. Ученый применил эти законы для вычисления движения планет вокруг солнца, движения звезд и комет. Исаак Ньютон изучал оптику и разработал теорию цвета: он обнаружил, что призма способна разлагать луч белого света на многоцветный спектр. Он также стал создателем первого практического зеркального телескопа в мире. Что касается математики, он и Лейбниц разработали фундаментальную теорему бесконечно малых величин.
Кроме того, Исаак Ньютон посвящал свое время изучению теологии и проведению алхимических экспериментов. Известно, что он опубликовал некоторые из своих теологических исследований. Он предпринял попытку предсказать конец света и рассчитал, что это произойдет после 2060 года.
Ньютон учился в Тринити Колледж в Университете Кэмбридж. Его невероятные способности были рано замечены. Именно там он открыл универсальную теорему бинома. Затем он переехал в Лондон в 1969 году, где прожил вплоть до своей смерти в 1727 году. Ученый также являлся членом английского Парламента. Ньютон скончался во сне в возрасте 84 лет и был похоронен в Вестминстерском аббатстве. Он никогда не был женат и умер без завещания.
Исаак Ньютон считается наиболее значимым ученым в истории человечества. Его открытия в области физики, астрономии и математики сформировали основу для современной науки, а его идеи изменили наш мир.
Newton , one of the greatest scientists of all times was born in 1642 in the little village in Lincolnshire, England. His father was a farmer and died before Newton was born. His mother was a clever woman whom he always loved.
After the school, Newton studied mathematics at Cambridge university and received his degree in 1665. Then the university was closed because of the danger of plague and Newton went home for eighteen months. It was most important period in his when he made his three great discoveries — the discoveries of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light, and of the law of gravitation.
These discoveries are still important for the modern science. Newton had always been interested in the problems of light. Many people saw colours of a rainbow but only Newton showed, by his experiments, that white light consists of these colours.
It is interesting how he discovered the law gravitation. Once, as he sat at the garden, his attention was drawn by the fall of an apple. Many people saw such an usual thing before. But it was Newton who sked himself a question: «Why does that apple fall perpendicularly to the ground? Why doesn’t it go sidewards or upwards?» The answer to this question was the theory of gravitation, discovered by Newton.
Newton died at the age of 84, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where his monument stands today.
Исаак Ньютон
Ньютон , один из величайших ученых всех времен, родился в 1642 году в маленькой деревеньке в графстве, Линкольншир в Англии. Его отец был фермером и умер, прежде чем родился Ньютон. Его мать была умной женщиной, которую он всегда любил.
После школы Ньютон изучал математику в Кембриджском университете и в 1665 году получил ученую степень. Затем университет закрылся из-за угрозы чумы, и Ньютон уехал домой на полтора года. Это был самый важный период в его жизни, когда он сделал три великих открытия — открытие дифференциального исчисления, природы белого света и закона всемирного тяготения.
Эти открытия все еще важны для современной науки. Ньютон всегда интересовался проблемами света. Многие видели цвета радуги, но только Ньютон в результате своих экспериментов доказал, что белый свет состоит из этих цветов.
Любопытно то, как он открыл закон всемирного тяготения. Однажды, когда он сидел в саду, его внимание привлекло падение яблока. Многие люди видели это обыкновенное явление прежде. Но именно Ньютон спросил себя: «Почему яблоко падает перпендикулярно земле? Почему оно не летит в сторону или вверх?» Ответом на этот во- . прос стала теория гравитации.
Ньютон умер в возрасте 84 лет и был похоронен в Вестминстерском аббатстве, где и находится сейчас памятник в его честь.
Isaac Newton was one of the world"s greatest scientists. He did research in mathematics, physics, astronomy and many other fields.
Newton was born in 1642. He worked on his family"s farm but was not really interested in farming. His father died before Isaac was born. In his childhood he spent much time with his grandmother. Newton didn"t have many friends and never married.
Newton did most of his scientific work at Cambridge, where he was a professor for many years. Although some other scientists criticized his work, he was admired throughout Europe. Queen Anne made Newton a knight. He died in 1727 and was buried at Westminster Abbey in London.
Isaac Newton was very ambitious young scientist who carried out his experiments very accurately. His main theory was that everything in nature could be explained through mathematics. Not all scientists had the same opinion.
Newton was an astronomer, who studied the Earth, the planets and stars. He became well-known for theories of gravity, in which he claimed that all objects of the universe have a gravitational force that pulled other objects towards them. An apple is pulled to the Earth"s surface just like the Earth is being pulled towards the sun. He also showed that planets move around the sun in ellipses. His theory of gravity dominated physics for some time.
He also conducted experiments with light and found out that normal light is made up of many colors. He used prisms to break up light into a rainbow of colors. Newton invented a new kind of telescope that used lenses. It made objects look bigger.
In his book "The Mathematical Principles" Newton describes the three laws of motion:
Every moving object keeps moving until something stops it. An object that lies on the ground continues to lie there until a force sets it in motion.
Acceleration happens when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass the more force must be applied to move the object. For example, you need more force to push a car than you need to push a bike.
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. A rocket, for example, pushes down on the ground with its engines; the opposite action moves the rocket into the sky.
These principles were very difficult to understand at that time. Only few people really knew what Newton meant.
Newton also devoted a great deal of his life to alchemy. He studied it closely and believed that he was a special person who had magic powers and secret wisdom to change substances and objects. Newton wanted to keep these studies to himself; therefore he did not publish any of his alchemist works. At that time alchemy was a much-discussed topic that not everyone accepted.
Although Newton was one of the great scientists of his time, he based his work on the discoveries of Galileo and other scientists who lived before him. Scientists of following generations admired Newton"s work. Albert Einstein, 20th century scientist, thought highly of Newton"s work although his theory of general relativity moved away from his ideas.
Isaac Newton
Newton, one of the greatest scientists of all times was born in 1642 in the little village in Lincolnshire, England. His father was a farmer and died before Newton was born. His mother was a clever woman whom he always loved.
After the school, Newton studied mathematics at Cambridge university and received his degree in 1665. Then the university was closed because of the danger of plague and Newton went home for eighteen months. It was most important period in his life when he made his three great discoveries - the discoveries of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light, and of the law of gravitation.
These discoveries are still important for the modern science. Newton had always been interested in the problems of light. Many people saw colours of a rainbow but only Newton showed, by his experiments, that white light consists of these colours.
It is interesting how he discovered the law gravitation. Once, as he sat at the garden, his attention was drawn by the fall of an apple. Many people saw such an usual thing before.
But it was Newton who asked himself a question: "Why does that apple fall perpendicularly to the ground? Why doesn"t it go sidewards or upwards?" The answer to this question was the theory of gravitation, discovered by Newton.
Newton died at the age of 84, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where his monument stands today.
Исаак Ньютон
Ньютон, один из величайших ученых всех времен, родился в 1642 году в маленькой деревеньке в графстве, Линкольншир в Англии. Его отец был фермером и умер, прежде чем родился Ньютон. Его мать была умной женщиной, которую он всегда любил.
После школы Ньютон изучал математику в Кембриджском университете и в 1665 году получил ученую степень. Затем университет закрылся из-за угрозы чумы, и Ньютон уехал домой на полтора года. Это был самый важный период в его жизни, когда он сделал три великих открытия - открытие дифференциального исчисления, природы белого света и закона всемирного тяготения.
Эти открытия все еще важны для современной науки. Ньютон всегда интересовался проблемами света. Многие видели цвета радуги, но только Ньютон в результате своих экспериментов доказал, что белый свет состоит из этих цветов.
Любопытно то, как он открыл закон всемирного тяготения. Однажды, когда он сидел в саду, его внимание привлекло падение яблока. Многие люди видели это обыкновенное явление прежде.
Но именно Ньютон спросил себя: "Почему яблоко падает перпендикулярно земле? Почему оно не летит в сторону или вверх?" Ответом на этот вопрос стала теория гравитации.
Ньютон умер в возрасте 84 лет и был похоронен в Вестминстерском аббатстве, где и находится сейчас памятник в его честь.
Questions:
1. When and where
was Newton born?
2. Where did he study?
3. What three major discoveries did Newton make?
4. When did Newton make these discoveries?
5. How did the idea which led to the discovery of the law
of gravitation first come to him?
6. When did Newton die and where is he buried?
Vocabulary:
degree - ученая степень
plague - чума
discovery - открытие
differential calculuses - дифференциальное исчисление
law of gravitation - закон всемирного тяготения
rainbow - радуга
to draw - привлекать
perpendicularly - перпендикулярно
sidewards - в сторону
upwards - вверх
abbey - аббатство