According to the law of war, only the state property of the enemy is recognized as a legitimate object of war spoils; private property is inviolable in a land war.
War booty is movable property that can serve the purposes of war, belonging to an enemy state and captured by a belligerent army.
In the past, private property was considered subject to seizure, like spoils of war.
Among the Romans, all military booty was recognized as the property of the military commander, who distributed it among the soldiers, and even a distribution procedure was developed.
IN Duecento - Cinquecento and even during the 30 Years' War, not only movable property, but also real estate, such as castles, houses, villages, was considered booty of war, no matter whether they belonged to the state or to private individuals.
In 1785 AD, the inviolability of private property in a land war was first ensured by a treaty between Prussia and the USA.
Then, in 1792 AD, the French National Assembly raised the issue of ensuring private property in naval warfare and the abolition of privateering; but this attempt was not crowned with success, as well as the attempt of US President Monroe, who began negotiations on this with Russia, England and France in 1823 AD.
Only the Declaration of Paris in 1856 AD took the first step towards protecting private property by abolishing privateering, a Brussels Declaration 1875 AD declared the inviolability of private property in land war, by accurately identifying the target of military spoils and pointing out that the army has the right to take possession
“only cash capital and other valuables belonging to the enemy government itself, weapons depots, transportation means and all movable property that can serve the purposes of war” (Article 6.)
Further restrictions on war booty were legitimized by the first Hague Peace Conference in 1899 AD in the Convention on the Laws and Customs of Land War.
Attached to this convention was the “Regulation on the Laws and Customs of War on Land,” which defines in the 3rd section what may be the object of spoils of war.
The convention has been revised to Second Hague Peace Conference 1907 AD and with regard to the rights of spoils of war was left unchanged, as a result of which it was to be considered an expression of generally accepted rules regarding the seizure of spoils of war.
According to this convention (mandatory for Russia as well), the army could take possession only of money, funds and debt claims that were the property of the state, weapons depots, transportation means, stores and supplies of provisions, and in general all movable property of the state that could be used for military operations.
All means adapted for the transmission of information on land, at sea and by air, for the transport of persons and things, with the exception of cases subject to the law of the sea, weapons depots and in general all kinds of military supplies, even if they belonged to private individuals, could also be captured, but were subject to return, with compensation for losses, upon the conclusion of peace.
Submarine cables connecting occupied territory with neutral territory were captured or destroyed only in cases of extreme necessity.
At the conclusion of peace, they were equally to be returned.
The property of communities, church, charitable, educational, artistic and scientific institutions, even if they belonged to the state, was equated to private property.
Any deliberate seizure of such institutions, historical monuments, works of art and science was prohibited and should be subject to prosecution.
Private property was to be respected and not subject to confiscation.
Robbery was certainly prohibited.
Everything belonging to prisoners of war was recognized as their property.
Items of war booty, which are signs of victory , such as: banners, guns, keys of fortresses, military carts, were called trophies.
The Regulations on the Laws and Customs of Land War 1899 AD during the Russo-Japanese War were sent out for guidance to senior commanders (Procedure for the Century 1904 AD No. 409) and at the same time the “Order of the Russian Army on the Laws and Customs of Land War” was drawn up " (an appendix to the Field Service Charter 1904 AD, later included in the Field Service Charter 1912 AD), repeating this provision almost verbatim.
In a naval war the right of war booty extended to both state and private property, despite a number of attempts to limit this right.
Until 1856 AD, during the war, the warring states even gave special letters of marque, “lettres de marque,” which authorized private shipowners to seize enemy merchant ships and cargo.
Only in 1856 AD, privateering was abolished by the maritime Paris Declaration, but the USA, Spain and Mexico did not join this declaration; The United States agreed to accede to the declaration only if it included a statement that "The private property of subjects or citizens of one of the belligerent powers cannot be seized by the ships of another, unless it consists of military smuggling."
This amendment was not adopted.
In 1868 AD, Austria promulgated a decree by virtue of which merchant ships and cargo of private individuals would not be captured by it as war booty, under the condition of reciprocity, due simply to their belonging to an enemy power.
In 1870 AD, during the Franco-Prussian War, the German government expressed a desire to recognize the inviolability of private property in the sea under the condition of reciprocity, but France did not agree to this.
In 1872 AD, the USA concluded a treaty with Italy, which recognized the complete inviolability of private property.
At the 1st Hague Conference 1899 AD, a desire was expressed to discuss at one of the subsequent conferences the issue of the inviolability of private property at sea.
The 2nd Hague Conference 1907 AD developed 2 conventions:
- regarding certain restrictions on the application of the right of capture in naval warfare, and this convention establishes:
- inviolability of postal correspondence at sea;
- exemption from seizure of fishing vessels, vessels serving for religious, scientific and philanthropic purposes (however, the issues raised by this convention were rejected by the Russian delegates, and the entire convention was not signed by them)
- The convention established the desirability that belligerent merchant ships caught in the war in enemy ports should be given sufficient grace to leave freely and reach their own or a neutral port.
- a ship that could not take advantage of the said privilege or that was not allowed to leave could not be captured. The same was established for merchant ships caught in a war at sea.
Before the conclusion of this convention, our merchant ships in 1904 AD, caught in the war in Japanese ports and at sea, were captured by the Japanese.
Then, the conference expressed the wish that the belligerent powers, as far as possible, in all cases applied to naval warfare the principles adopted in land warfare.
The issue of recognition of the inviolability of private property at sea always met with opposition from England, who tried in every possible way to ensure that this rule was not extended to naval warfare.
Thus, the inviolability of private property in a naval war was not established and such could be the object of military booty (examples of which were in the Tripolitan War between Italy and Turkey in 1911 AD)
To recognize a military or merchant ship captured during a naval war as war booty, it was necessary to award it in favor of the captor by a prize court, after which it was called a prize.
According to our laws (Article 261 of the XXII Book of the S.V.P. and Article 300 of the Naval Regulations on Punishments), for the concealment of trophies and military booty, depending on the importance of the act, punishment ranged from being sent to correctional prison departments to being punished disciplinary.
One day, when Abraham began to live the life of a nomad, a petty king attacked the country. It was an adventurer named Chedorlaomer, more like the godfather of the mafia. For twelve years he extorted tribute - like a racketeer providing "protection" for small neighboring settlements. Five city-states rebelled against Chedorlaomer and his supporters, but the rebellion only provoked him into even more brutal retaliation. These gangsters set out on a robbery expedition. In their fury they captured Sodom, Gomorrah, Zeboim and Bela, cities of ill repute on the plain. Lot, Abraham's nephew, lived in Sodom. Together with his wife and married daughters, he was taken prisoner, and the robbers seized all the goods that belonged to them. Abraham heard about this and decided to help. He entered into an alliance with strong leaders in that district, and they marched with him. They were a well-trained and significant army. Together they set off in pursuit of the robbers, carefully planning the rescue expedition. Under the leadership of Abraham, the liberators defeated Chedorlaomer and his entire band, rescued the captives and all the looted goods, and, in addition, seized war booty as compensation. The King of Sodom came out to meet Abraham. He gained the impudence and began to advise Abraham on how to divide the spoils captured by Abraham in battle! He wanted to regain his people, and allowed Abraham to keep the stolen goods as war booty. This king was destined to hear something unusual. At that time this was really news. Abraham the victor said: “I will not even take a thread or a shoe strap from all that is yours” (Gen. 14:23). He didn't want anyone to say that the Sodomites had made him rich. God showed him that the city that Abraham so strived for and the builder of which was God Himself would never enrich itself at the expense of others, through robbery and seizure. Abraham took a different, better path. Cities lived by destroying other cities, stealing other people's crops and wealth, and using captives as slaves. The whole idea of military force was about plunder. For example, the fifth chapter of the Book of Judges tells of the Canaanite rebellion against Israel, which was suppressed by Deborah. It mentions the mother of a Canaanite commander, looking out of the window and waiting for her son, and she was told: “It is true, they have found, they are dividing the spoils, one maiden, two maidens for each warrior, for the spoil they received a coat of many colors for Sisera, they received for the spoil a coat of many colors, embroidered on both sides, taken from the captive's shoulders." When Abraham abandoned this practice, it completely confused the greedy Sodomite king. Abraham knew that he was acting as God's servant and did not have to withhold wages from the plundered treasures. God confirmed His approval. “The word of the Lord came to Abram in a vision, saying, “Do not be afraid, Abram; I am your shield; your reward is very great” (Gen. 15:1). Abraham believed God. He saw that with such a God he did not need to kill and shed blood, strip other people and take away their property in order to enrich himself through marauding raids. God will take care of him. God really cared, and he cared very well.
Abraham's faith led him to two new principles:
o Firstly, the strong should help the weak, not by taking advantage of their strength.
o Secondly, believing in God does not mean you have to hurt others.
God can make you rich without making others poor. This was a new ideal. For many centuries this ideal was not accepted, it was considered hopeless and impractical. The world is very slow to learn such lessons. He prefers to work on the principles of survival of the strongest, pushes the weak into a corner, thinks only of himself, regardless of who comes next. But this is not the biblical way. At the time of writing this book, there was a news report that the question of dividing up the spoils of World War II was still being discussed. Our world has not yet fully absorbed the lessons learned from the civilized principles of Abraham. During the time of Joshua, one of the soldiers, Achan, kept property captured during a military operation. He brought shame upon his entire tribe, and his act three centuries later led to a split in the unity of the nation. The main tribes separated from the tribe of Judah, and the tribe of Achan remained with King Rehoboam. Greed has different forms. Of course, today it manifests itself in a very obvious way in commerce. Jesus spoke of this as a manifestation of "paganism" - that is, ungodliness. The Gospel of Matthew (6:32-33) says: “The Gentiles seek all these things, and your Father in heaven knows that you” need all these things. Seek first the Kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things will be added to you.”
WAR STUFF
or the money received from the sale of spoils, especially the part of the spoils due to the general, the opposite of praeda, the spoil itself, consisting of slaves, cattle and various things. According to the concept of the Greeks, from the most ancient times, everything belonging to the enemy, especially all weapons, became the property of the winner; at the same time, they distinguished - σκυ̃λα - taken from a killed enemy and λάφυρα - from a living one; on this basis Homer often speaks of "bloody" weapons. In later times, the commander himself divided the spoils, and they never forgot to bring part of the spoils to the gods, hang them in temples or decorate public buildings with them, and sometimes build new ones. (On the division of spoils taken in the battles of Pl*gei, cm. hdt. 9, 80 ff.) The Romans gave one part of the booty to the state treasury, the other to the commander, the rest was distributed among the soldiers; armor taken from the enemy was called spolia.
A real dictionary of classical antiquities. Edited by J. Geffken, E. Ziebart. - Teubner. F. Lubker. 1914.
See what "WAR SPOO" is in other dictionaries:
War booty- SPOO OF WAR. See Extraction... Military encyclopedia
Neoclassical trophy crowning the pylon of the Borodino Bridge in Moscow. Element of the trophy decor of the arch of the General Staff building in St. Petersburg. Architect K. I. Rossi Trophy (Greek ... Wikipedia
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power Genre: Documentary
Military booty- MILITARY PRODUCTION, movement. property that can serve the purposes of war, belonging to a foreigner. state and captured by a warring army. According to modern the law of war, only the state. property is not recognized by law. object V. ext.; private same property in... ... Military encyclopedia
PRODUCTION, and, wives. 1. see get. 2. What is obtained is acquired. Military village. The house became a prey to fire (translated). Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Capture and appropriation of things belonging to the enemy. D. is still considered a legal way of acquiring property, although its limits are greatly limited. In ancient times, military money served as one of the main methods of enrichment and had its own... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron
AND; and. 1. to Get get. Mechanization of peat extraction. D. furs (fur-bearing animals). D. seaweed. Improving ore mining processes. // Getting something. by force, through armed seizure. Walk (ride), go for prey. 2... encyclopedic Dictionary
production- And; and. 1) a) to get to get. Mechanization of peat extraction. Extraction/hour of fur (fur-bearing animals) Extraction/hour of seaweed. Improving ore mining processes. b) ott. Having obtained... Dictionary of many expressions
This task will start automatically after completing the Strategic Thinking task
Note No. 1: by starting this task you will become an enemy of the Institute, all tasks related to them will be failed.
Note No. 2: in this task there will be a place with very high radiation (80-90), wear either power armor or a “Protective Set” that gives +1000 radiation resistance.
We go to Ingram and talk to her. She will say that in order for Liberty Prime to function autonomously, it is necessary to find a “beryllium impeller,” and the Mass Fusion company has one such example.
We go out onto the deck and get into the rotorcraft. The rotorcraft will take us to the Mass Fusion building and will circle for a while - shoot the minigun at the synths to clear the area for landing.
After a while, Ingram will bring the rotorcraft right above the building, at a low altitude, and tell us to jump off. Press [E] and find yourself on the roof of the building. We continue clearing the roof of synths.
1. Here we take the “Manager’s Password” and the “Manager’s ID”:
2. Then we go to the terminal nearby and look at the records on it:
After which you can take the elevator down to the reactor. To do this, go into the elevator and click on “Card Reader”:
You will have to descend under constant fire from synths.
After traveling several floors, the elevator will creak and fall - the synths turned off the electricity, you need to turn it back on. We exit the elevator to the right; there will be a rise like this:
We go up it to the second floor, go to the switch and activate it:
After which we return to the elevator and continue our descent. Having gone down to the very bottom, we kill the synths and go to another elevator:
On which we go down to the reactor.
Here is the reactor. All that remains is to go to it (passage on the left) and take the beryllium impeller. After this, very strong protective robots are activated. Only by killing them all will the exit from the reactor be unlocked.
We kill, take the elevator, help the brotherhood fighters kill the remaining synths and return to Boston airport. Talk to Ingram the task ends and the next one begins
Captain Kells will inform you that Proctor Ingram is completing the assembly of Liberty Prime and needs your help. Find her aboard the Prydwen and talk to her.
Liberty Prime needs to be powered on its own, for this you need to find a beryllium impeller. You go to Mass Fusion, a former energy company. You can take Proctor Ingram with you or not. Once you accept this mission, you will have to make a very important decision. You can:
Option 1: Inform the Institute
Leave Prydwen, travel to the Institute and warn them, thus you will defect to the Institute, betraying the Brotherhood of Steel. Immediately after this, the quest from the Mass Fusion Institute will begin.
Option 2: Fly to Mass Fusion
If you decide to remain loyal to the Brotherhood of Steel, then go to the flight deck and board a rotorcraft that will take you to the roof of the Mass Fusion building. You are now an enemy of the Institute. The started Institute quests will be failed, and the Institute quest “Exile” will begin.
Do you have enough supplies and supplies? Otherwise, your loved ones may be concerned by the fact that you did not think to take with you a sufficient amount of healthy food and medicines that suppress radiation. Since the internal environment of the Mass Fusion building can be extremely dangerous, why not wear appropriate protective clothing? Power armor would be an excellent choice for such an occasion.
As you approach the Mass Fusion building, you will see an enemy - synths, who will immediately begin to fire at you. Luckily, you have a minigun with unlimited ammo in your hands. How accurate you are will determine how many enemies you have left to finish off after you jump onto the roof, so aim better.
Jump to the roof of the Mass Fusion
The Brotherhood rotorcraft has received serious damage, you will have to jump out of it while moving. Press to jump out of it onto the roof of the Mass Fusion. Neutralize all the enemies on the roof before going in search of the Beryllium Impeller.
Find a beryllium impeller
"Mass Fusion" is a huge building, where can I find this impeller? Climb the stairs to the second level of the rooftop structure and go to the other end of the corridor. In the far room you will find the terminal of the main research laboratory (medium level).
You can hack it or take from the executive's desk that you just passed in the corridor (see screenshot below), the password of the "Mass Fusion" executive and gain access to the terminal. From the first letter you will learn that a beryllium impeller has been installed in the reactor , located in the basement of the building.
Get a manager's ID
From the personal letter in the terminal you will also learn that in order to penetrate the reactor level you need an employee's administrative card. You can use the manager’s ID, which is in his desk, in the same place as his password (see screenshot above). You will also need this ID in order to start the elevator and get from the roof into the Mass Fusion building.
On the top level of the building on the roof you will find a storage room (castle level - medium) with medicines and a first aid kit on the roof.
Infiltrate the reactor level
Use the ID you found and activate the elevator. During the descent, synths will start shooting at you, and there is nowhere to hide. I hope you took the advice above and prepared by purchasing strong armor, and a more powerful weapon would not be amiss. It also doesn't hurt to restore your health more often.
The synths managed to cut off the power to the elevator, so you are stuck somewhere in the middle of the building. Deal with the enemies, and when the path is clear, you can:
- going down further on foot is an option for those who like to explore everything;
- restoring the power supply to the elevator is an option for those who are results-oriented and completing the mission as quickly as possible.
Restore power supply to the elevator (optional)
By restoring the elevator, you will be able to immediately access the lobby on the first floor of the Mass Fusion building, from where it is a stone's throw to the basement. There are two ways to restore the elevator: hack the terminal of the product development director or turn on the switch.
The first method is for hacking enthusiasts. In order to restore power to the elevator, it is necessary to hack the terminal of the director of product development (level - difficult) in the office, which is located in the hall with a glass floor to the left of the elevator.
In order to turn on the switch, you must go up the stairs in the room to the right of the elevator. By the way, in this room you can find ammunition in the toolbox lying next to the terminal. Having risen, go along the entire floor to the last room, in which you will find a switch next to the entrance. In the same room, only at the other end, you will find a safe (lock level is difficult) with ammunition.
The elevator's power has been restored; take it all the way down to the lobby, so you'll miss most of the encounters with the synths.
Clue
If you decide to move on without restoring power to the elevator, then you need to jump through the gap in the floor to the level below. It is located behind a locked door (the lock level is difficult) in the hall with a glass floor. You can hack it yourself or open it with the key that lies on the desk in the adjacent room, next to the terminal of the director of product development.
Be prepared for a skirmish with the enemy, who will have to be destroyed before moving on. You find yourself on an almost destroyed floor, but despite this, you can profit from something here too. Climb the makeshift ramp in the corner to a small piece of the floor of the next floor, there you will find a toolbox with ammunition and weapons. And on the other side of the destroyed part of the floor there is a yellow box with explosives.
You will jump down another floor, to a level with two exits to the balcony. In the corner room you will find a safe in the wall and a nuclear mini-charge for “Fat Man” on the bedside table, in the hall in the Yader-Cola machine near the corner sofa - Quantum Yader-Cola. Next, you can take the elevator located in the corner and go down to the lobby, or go down another floor below and continue exploring the Mass Fusion building. The descent is to the right of the elevator.
Clue
But don’t leave here without a valuable trophy that only a real explorer can find— baby doll "Strength". It is located on top of the main statue of the building and you can see it if you stand in front of the main elevator, lean over the railing and look down. With this doll, your “Strength” parameter will increase by 1 point.
Let's see what else the Mass Fusion building hides; we won't go down the descent, we won't take the elevator, but we'll jump into the gap in the floor at the opposite wall from the elevator and the descent. In it you will see a safe (lock level - medium) with various useful items. Then go out into the corridor and jump down the ramp. After going down, turn left into a room with a lot of terminals and equipment, where you will find a hole in the floor, where in the destroyed toilet you will find a first aid kit and a bag with ammunition and weapons.
Then go through the adjacent rooms to the office, here among the corpses of the shooters you will find a suitcase (lock level - light) with armor and a green bag with ammunition. Then follow to the archive (a room with many filing cabinets), where you will find a descent to the floor below. Cross the nearly destroyed bridge over the first floor lobby. Before going further down the stairs, collect the ammo from the dead shooter (green box).
Another staircase and we are in the lobby of the first floor of the Mass Fusion building. Strong enemy resistance awaits you here. Having dealt with the enemy, go around the premises of the first floor. In the room to the right of the small elevator you will find a locked storage room (lock level - light) with medicines inside, in the next office there is a wall safe (lock level - medium) and a bag near file cabinets with ammunition and weapons. Now you can go to the opposite wing, where the entrance to the reactor level and the security office are. By the way, you can hack the security service terminal (level - easy) and activate two protectrons to protect order and turrets. They can help in the fight against synths when you come out with a beryllium impeller.
Now go to the elevator with the card reader, it will take you to the reactor level, where the item you came here for is located.
Enter the reactor compartment
Getting to the reactor level is half the battle; now you need to remove the beryllium impeller from the reactor. If you go to the left of the elevator you will find yourself in a prototype laboratory, using the terminal (level - easy) which you can activate the protectron, and if you go to the right, you will go down the stairs and find yourself in the passage for reactor level maintenance personnel. Using the service personnel terminal (medium level), you can also activate the assault gun and turrets, and, most importantly, open the door to the main reactor.
It won’t hurt to look into the locker room, where there is a bag with ammunition and weapons, and in the toilet there is a first aid kit with drugs that may be useful to you in the fight against radiation.
The main reactor hall has two levels. On the upper level on the left you will find a chest with a wide selection of ammunition and weapons, as well as a control terminal for the reactor safety system (the level is very difficult). Read about it below.
On the lower level on the left, next to the entrance to the reactor itself, is the analyst's office. Here you will hit a big jackpot: you will find a protective suit, medicine, Yader-Cola, and a safe (the castle level is very difficult) with ammunition and weapons. And also a terminal (level - easy), using which you can open the safe and activate the protectron.
You can go to the reactor compartment for the impeller, but make sure that you take care of protection from radiation, since its level is lethal. If not, then find yourself a protective kit that completely protects against radiation. They are everywhere here: in the locker room of the service personnel, in the analyst’s office and in the drawers of the control point terminals. The disadvantage of the protective kit is that it does not protect against other types of damage. In this case, power armor is simply irreplaceable.
To get into the reactor compartment, you need to go through a special corridor located on the left side and press the red button, which will open the door.
Unlock the reactor
The beryllium impeller is at the top of the reactor, go up there and press the red button to unlock the reactor. Don't forget to keep an eye on your Geiger counter, or you'll die before you know it.
Pick up the beryllium impeller
Take the beryllium impeller that brought you such a long way. But don’t be too happy, as soon as you have it in your hands, the security system will turn on and the turrets will start firing at you.
Eliminate security at the reactor
But the turrets in the reactor compartment are nothing compared to what awaits you when you return to the main reactor control room. There you will be attacked by a Security Robot, shooting at you with a machine gun, and a Protectron, and will also fire at the turret. As soon as you deal with them, the main doors will open, and there will also be two assault guns at your service, which you will also have to deal with.
- The most important thing in fighting an assault gun is to not let it shoot an energy beam from your head, as it will kill you almost immediately, or to try to dodge it.
- Don't paint yourself into a corner, as the Assaultron will constantly attack you. Move and try to keep him at a distance so that you have room to maneuver. This also applies to other enemies.
- Choose a more powerful weapon.
- And find yourself some power armor, you are from the Brotherhood after all)
But the assault trons are not the last level of reactor security; there remains one more protectron and a laser turret at the exit. Ask if there is any way to bypass them? Can.
In the main reactor control room there is a reactor safety system control terminal (level - very difficult) which is located on the second level to your left as soon as you enter the main reactor. If you can hack it, you will open the door to the supply department office on the opposite side of the room. Inside is a supply department terminal that allows you to completely disable the reactor's safety system. This way you can prevent robots and turrets from attacking you when you remove the beryllium impeller from the reactor.
Can't hack a terminal with a very difficult level? You can also hack other terminals scattered throughout the reactor level, activate all the Protectrons and Stormtrons and destroy them in advance. These are all the terminals described above after getting to the reactor level: the prototype laboratory terminal (Protectron), the service personnel terminal (two assault trons and a turret), the analyst terminal (Protectron). You only have to fight the Security Robot.
Leave Mass Fusion
Return to the lobby of the Mass Fusion building, where a battle has broken out between the Brotherhood of Steel and the synths sent by the Institute. Leave the location, the closest escape route is the two main exits on the first floor.
Help the Brotherhood fighters in the lobby (optional)
If you have enough ammunition and desire, provide fire support to the Brotherhood of Steel fighters to recapture Mass Fusion from the enemy once and for all. This will say a lot about your dedication to the Brotherhood of Steel. By the way, this is where the protectrons and turrets, which were written about earlier and which you can activate in the office opposite the elevator leading to the main reactor, will help you.