Lyubov Mokhovikova
Summary of the lesson “Enterprises of our city”
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution
"Kindergarten No. 60"
Lesson notes:
« Enterprises of our city»
Compiled by the teacher
preparatory group
Mokhovikova L.V.
Berezniki, 2014
Target: Raising in children a sense of love for their small homeland.
Tasks: Summarize children's knowledge about city Berezniki as a small homeland for children.
To develop children's interest and desire to talk about it, conveying in the story the emerging subjective attitude towards the world around them.
Cultivating a sense of pride in your city, interest in the history of the region, respect for working people.
Material: map of Russia, Perm region, Berezniki city, exhibition of books about Berezniki, musical accompaniment, slides with sights cities, computer, photographs of famous people, products city enterprises.
Progress of the lesson
Educator: Children, please tell me, what is the Motherland? (This is our country, this is our city, where we live, this is our Ural, etc.)
That's right, guys. The homeland unites all people living in one country: they speak the same language, have the same passports, work, celebrate common holidays and, if necessary, protect their homeland from enemies.
Educator: Guys, do you know the name of our Motherland?
(Children's answers.)
– Our country is called Russia. It's very big. When people in one part of the country go to bed, the day in another is just beginning. At the same time, the sun may be shining brightly in one part of Russia, and it may be raining in another.
The song by V. Basner and M. Matusovsky “Where the Motherland Begins” is played.
Educator: Listen to what Zinaida Alexandrova wrote about the Motherland. (Children read a poem.)
If they say the word “homeland”,
Immediately comes to mind
Old house, currants in the garden,
Thick poplar at the gate.
A modest birch tree by the river
And a chamomile hillock...
And others will probably remember
Your own wide yard.
The first boats are in the puddles,
The clatter of feet above the jump rope
And a large neighboring factory
Loud joyful horn.
Or the steppe is red with poppies,
Virgin gold…
Homeland is different
But everyone has it
– We all know that we live in the best, most beautiful, dearest Berezniki city.
– Who knows how such a beautiful name came about? cities)
Educator: There were several islands on the Kama River, and one of them, overgrown with birch trees, was called Berezniki. Apparently, it attracted people with its beauty, because merchants often stopped there and held fun fairs in the shade of the trees. And later the Nitrogen Fertilizer Combine appeared here. Builders came from all over the country to build the plant. In December 1929, they gathered in an old barn that served as a club and began to decide what name to give the new city. Alone offered – Derzhinsk, others - Khimgrad, called Berezniki
(Child's story). Shows on the map of the Perm region.
“On a traditional silver-colored heraldic shield, a blue ribbon with three salt crystals on it runs diagonally from the upper left corner. The silver color symbolizes the miracle - the metals magnesium and titanium, produced by the VSMPO-Avisma Corporation
Educator: Which of the pioneers cities you know?
Children: Arduanov, Tsirenshchikov, Sarychev (showing photos).
Practical work: on the map cities show street data.
Educator: And now we’ll play - what other streets are there in our city.
Virtual tour of the streets cities using a computer (slides with attractions cities) .
Educator: The first builders built not only residential buildings, but also large factories, the products of which were greatly needed by people.
– The whole country helped to build factories. And now ours enterprises send their products to different parts of the country and abroad (Show on the map).
Educator: What are the large industrial enterprises you know?
Teacher - introduces children to exhibits of industrial products city enterprises.
A) “URALKALI”. Potash mines extract potash ore found deep underground in mines.
Why potash ore?
That's right, potassium fertilizers are made from it, which are used in agriculture.
And at the 4th potash plant there is a workshop for the production of table salt. And there is salt in every home, because without salt not a single dish can be prepared.
B) VSMPO-AVISMA Corporation is a titanium-magnesium plant. What is the main product of the plant? – titanium sponge. This is the lightest metal. The hulls of submarines, missiles and aircraft are made from this metal.
B) Berezniki soda plant - produces whiteness, washing powder, “Sanitarny”. Every housewife has these detergents.
Bottom line: Well done, guys, you made good tour guides, you spoke in detail about our enterprises.
There is just over a month left until the New Year. And the closer this celebration gets, the more the capital of Kuzbass is transformed. A new spruce tree has already been installed on the main square of the city, and festive decorations can be seen on the windows of institutions and enterprises.
"Prickly" question
Of course, the main attribute of the New Year is the Christmas tree. Wherever a coniferous tree stands - in an apartment, on Soviet Square or under the walls of the Kremlin - it always attracts people's eyes. This year, attention to the main Kemerovo Christmas tree is especially great. This is due to the fact that the tree that was installed over the past 11 years has been replaced by a new one. The height of the spruce tree together with the podium is 25 meters, it is equipped with about 239 thousand LEDs, which are placed on almost 1,900 decorative branches. But the subject of wide discussion was not the high technological equipment of the New Year’s tree, but its cost, which amounted to almost 18 million rubles.
“We have been talking about installing a new spruce tree for several years. They were caused by the fact that the old spruce was obsolete. Plus, every year we had to increase funding for its repairs, because the branches and LEDs failed. According to the conclusion of the specialists who repaired this spruce, based on the results of the last winter period, about 30% of the branches did not work. It could have been sorted out and restored, again spent from 300 to 500 thousand rubles, as we did in previous years, but it would have become 30% shorter,” said the mayor of Kemerovo Ilya Seredyuk.
The Kemerovo authorities did not want to install a “cropped” spruce in the city center. But the New Year’s tree didn’t go to the trash either. It was transferred for restoration to the Promyshlennovsky district, where it will continue to delight local residents for several more years.
As for the cost of new spruce, this issue can be considered debatable. Negative comments on the same social networks appear under almost any news that talks about spending six-figure sums. Regardless of whether we are talking about the construction of a new “ring” or a cadet school.
– This is definitely not the most expensive tree; on the manufacturer’s website there are options for both 29 million and 35 million. Yes, we could have bought about the same one as it was for six million. But since we are moving forward and buying for 10-15 years in advance, we must take into account modern requirements for these structures. At the same time, the spruce is already complete and will not require any additions or improvements for 15 years. And no expenses other than current ones are planned for these years,” noted Ilya Seredyuk.
It is worth noting that experts also admit a higher market price for an artificial spruce like the Kemerovo one. This is due to several factors, the first of which is the quality of the wood.
– The higher quality the spruce, the more expensive it is. The price can reach up to 25 million rubles, if there are a lot of needles, a lot of branches and there will be a lot of tiers of branches,” he told Izvestia. Andrey Shashkin, manager of a company specializing in the sale of street spruce trees.
Also, the cost of a New Year's tree is affected by its exclusivity. After all, many spruce trees that are installed in city squares are piece goods and are not produced en masse.
Renewed city
The purchase of a New Year's tree in itself is part of the global renewal that occurred in Kemerovo in the past year. Moreover, they occurred in all spheres of the city’s life.
– We see how Kemerovo is being updated. Roundabouts and new transport hubs, which have long been in demand, are being built. The long-awaited roads appeared, the same Moskovsky Avenue. And we take a comprehensive approach to updating the entire infrastructure around us. The facades were repaired and illuminated, and the courtyard areas were renovated. Kindergartens are being built, in the near future it is planned to build a school in microdistrict No. 7b, and now we are in the process of building two digital schools and want to build a third. Under the “My New School” program, previously built schools are being renovated, and this is not just a renovation, but a comprehensive reconstruction. Transport is being updated and bus stops are being modernized. Construction of large facilities is underway that are turning Kemerovo into another city, and the sites next to them are changing. And we want the changes to affect not only the economic life of the city, but also other areas, including celebrations,” emphasized Ilya Seredyuk.
It was from this desire for renewal that a new holiday concept emerged, which absorbed all the best from its predecessor and added new elements. The changes will be most noticeable on Soviet Square, which is traditionally the site of public festivities. Thus, new fiberglass figures of Father Frost and the Snow Maiden, more than three meters high, will greet the townspeople on the square. A skating rink will be built around the new spruce, which will be illuminated at night. And so that those who want to skate and play hockey would not have a reason to quarrel, to the delight of the latter, they bought and already installed a hockey rink. It won’t be possible without the slides and ice figures that Kemerovo residents love. Specialists have already begun to prepare material for them in their usual place - Krasnoye Lake.
– Among the new products on the Square of Soviets is a town for a Christmas market. We are moving away from tents and setting up beautiful pavilions for selling souvenirs and organizing catering. And we want to cover the entire territory of the fair with a luminous dome of garlands. So everything will be new, not just the Christmas tree,” emphasized Ilya Seredyuk.
The main city highways will be decorated to match the holiday. The Iskitimsky Bridge on Lenin Avenue, the fountain on the square in front of the Drama Theater and the “balls” near the circus will be transformed. A few years later, the illumination of trees on Sovetsky Avenue will return, which, together with the lighting on Vesennyaya Street, will create a magical holiday atmosphere in the city center. In total, 180 light consoles will operate in Kemerovo.
Holiday for everyone
Of course, the festive events will not be limited to the city center alone. In almost every area, snow towns, slides and various figures and compositions will appear to the delight of local residents. As well as hockey rinks, ice and winter sports fields, ski facilities. There will be 26 rental points for city residents, where they will be able to rent more than 2,000 pieces of equipment.
Christmas tree markets will appear in every district of the city. This year there will be 69 of them, and they will open, according to a long-standing tradition, on December 15. But before they can start trading, sellers will need to meet a number of requirements.
– Last year, Kemerovo residents had complaints that the Christmas tree markets were not decorated enough, were not fenced, and generally did not look as they should in a regional center. This year these requirements will be taken into account,” said Ilya Seredyuk.
The Kemerovo mayor also said that on New Year's Eve and holidays it is planned to strengthen the public transport schedule. This will be done in order to reduce breaks between flights connecting different areas of the city.
And so that the vivid impressions of the holiday do not lead to casualties, the city has identified 30 places for launching fireworks. Their list will be publicly available in the near future.
In conclusion, I would like to say the following. This year, Kemerovo has been seriously updated, significant objects have appeared in the city. Therefore, a new concept of the holiday, which very soon will appear before the townspeople in all its glory, is more than appropriate. And we can only hope that Kemerovo residents will share this course of renewal and take only good things with them into the future.
1. In the XVIII-XIX centuries. Due to the differentiation of sciences, a huge amount of information was accumulated; by the beginning of the 20th century. has become immense.
2. It is characteristic that during friction significant deformations of the boundary layer are observed, accompanied by structural transformations and selective diffusion: taking into account all these processes is difficult due to the strong dependence on temperature.
3. Constant flexibility of the educational process through active research activities of teachers has become a factor in the survival of the university.
4. A light quantum, penetrating inside a substance, knocks out an electron, transferring it from a bound state (in an atom) to a free one - thus, when semiconductors and dielectrics are irradiated through the photoelectric effect, free current carriers appear inside the crystals, which significantly changes the electrical conductivity of the substance.
5. Basov's expedition was the beginning of a movement that lasted until the end of the 18th century and led to the creation of the Russian-American Company and the annexation of the Northern Islands and Alaska, lost only in the 1860s thanks to the state mistake of Alexander II and Peschurov, to Russia.
TASK No. 9. Read the sentences. Fill in the missing endings.
1. Most practical applications of ultrasound are based on the cavitation effect.
2. Most of the students came.
3. Most students constantly attend___ lectures on statistics.
4. Plants have certain musical tastes, especially flowers. Most prefer melodic pieces with calm rhythms, but some - say, cyclamens - prefer jazz.
5. For most metals, resistance increases linearly with temperature. At the same time, a number of alloys have a negative temperature coefficient of resistance.
6. There are a number of substances in which the quantum effects of interatomic interactions lead to the appearance of specific magnetic properties.
7. A number of scientists have proposed__ various algorithms for controlling the flight of an aircraft.
8. The tube is made of durable metal, with many small holes drilled into it, covered with a semi-permeable shell, for example, cellulose acetate.
9. Many researchers, following Academician P. L. Kapitsa, assert that ball lightning is a volumetric oscillatory circuit.
10. Most metals are non-ferrous.
11. A number of the greatest discoveries were__ made__ by accident, for example, Oersted’s discovery of the effect of electric current on the magnetic needle of a compass.
12. Most of the secondary electrons have__ insignificant kinetic energy.
Section 4. Lexical norms
TASK No. 1. Instead of dots, insert the desired word or phrase; motivate your choice.
l.In place of a small factory... (erected, built, created) a large woodworking plant. 2. Depending on the specific conditions, the installation can be... (built, assembled, created, installed) both in an open area and indoors. 3. Already in October, the farmer began... (ship, deliver, send, hand over) green onions to the capital’s stores. 4. Technologist Kalinina proposed... (remake, transform, modernize, update, change) the design of two... (large, large, powerful, huge) horizontal boring machines. 5. At the carpet factory in... (last, last, past) year, production improved. Already... (released, manufactured, produced, made) 867 sq. meters... (products, carpets and runners, carpet products). 6. It is known... (to anyone, everyone, everyone) that even the most... (good, excellent, wonderful, magnificent, excellent) ... working conditions are not yet... (determine, decide, provide, guarantee) success. 7. In this work, the author managed... (reveal, reveal, sing, depict, describe, imagine) tragic events in the life of... (his generation, his peers, his contemporaries). 8. This... (flaw, flaw, defect) in a detail can be... (seen, identified, determined, noticed, noted) with the naked eye. 9. The winner of the competition... (awarded, appropriated, issued, allocated) a prize. 10. In the new hotel... (primary, paramount, main, leading, most important) attention is paid to... (good, excellent, impeccable, optimal, attentive) guest service.
TASK No. 2. Indicate words whose use leads to a violation of lexical compatibility, correct speech errors.
1. The author of the anthology has not yet compiled an annotation. 2. The factory club hosts crowded evenings. 3. We wished the organizers to organize such evenings more often. 4. Harvesting is in full swing in the village. 5. Shevchenko opened the beginning of the harvest last year, working on the grain harvest; the same honor was entrusted to him today. 6. Increasing the protein content of grain poses great difficulties for researchers. 7. Two birds do not live in the same den. 8. The book fair cordially invites publishers and authors to visit the pavilions. 9. Kolos athletes established 32 new achievements in the region. 10. In a magazine I read a great discussion about the role of a father in raising his children. 11. This policy is already bringing positive results. 12. Much attention will be paid to the improvement of the city. 13. We give priority attention to this issue. 14. Our farmers won the world record for shearing wool from a fine-wool sheep. 15 The overwhelming majority of those present understood this topic.
TASK No. 3. Indicate speech errors, edit sentences.
1. He began writing songs in his deep youth, and only now fame fell on his gray-haired head. 2. These years have seen rapid growth in our cinematography. 3. Ivanov has been working in this difficult area for a long time, and doing a good job. But in the last two years, he began to have negative glimpses. 4. He set so many world records that only die-hard sports statistics buffs remember them. 5. Dog grazing is prohibited. 6. The warehouse is closed for a sanitary day due to the arrival of cockroaches. 7. It is prohibited to place household and industrial garbage dumps. 8. An elderly house is for sale. 9. The lecture for childless parents is postponed to Thursday. 10. Students in our group have seen a deterioration in their discipline and academic performance this semester. 11. In our work, leading importance is attached to moral and labor education.
TASK No. 4. Combine words from the left and right columns into phrases, taking into account the peculiarities of their lexical compatibility. Please indicate possible options.
1. Antique, classic. Mythology, languages.
Innate, born. Talent, intelligence.
Hospitable, welcoming, hospitable. Welcome, owner, person.
Disastrous, harmful. Influence, action.
One, one. Moment, moment.
Long, lengthy, long, long-lasting Impact, period, path, fees,
permanent, long lasting. credit.
2. Nominate, express, correct, eliminate. Hypothesis, guess, shortcomings, errors
Find, find. Support, support.
Apply and leave. Imprint, trace.
Discover, discover. Law, regularity.
Prove, justify. Theorem, theory.
To foretell, to predict. Defeat, success.
Expand, increase, increase. Opportunities, potential.
TASK No. 5. Indicate lexical errors in the following sentences, highlighting cases of violation of semantic and grammatical compatibility. Edit the sentences.
1. A young birch oak grove grew green outside the outskirts. 2. Children recite a poem while standing scattered. 3. The film “Return of the Black Blonde” is showing in cinemas. 4. It was so crowded on the bus that someone suggested: “Stand flat, then it will be freer!” 5. The records continue. 6. Suddenly she noticed: a cat was walking along the corridor on tiptoe. 7. Most of the time passes fruitlessly. 8. The teacher suggested that we write the test orally. 9. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers. 10. There has been a tremendous improvement in living conditions. 11. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts. 12. Extensive testing of this vitamin bioactive cream led to extremely positive results. 13. The stranger mounted his horse and rode off on foot. 14. A three-year-old Parisian sits barefoot in a sandbox and, digging in the sand, wears the simplest dirty dress with grace and ease. Who taught her facies? 15. My body gave way on my legs from fatigue. 16. The restaurant was filled with a cheerful hubbub, the guitar sobbed hysterically, the drum groaned. 17. Several new enterprises and public transport have appeared in our town. 18. Stand still and don’t swing your eyes (from a kindergarten teacher’s speech). 19. This is how I clench my fists on my hands and feet! (child’s speech) 20. Yesterday I took a plane and flew to Moscow (from the speech of a foreigner).
TASK No. 6. Pay attention to speech insufficiency, note cases of unclearness of the statement, distortion of its meaning. Correct the sentences.
1. The exhibition of young artists at the House of Pioneers was such a success because Karpenko N.I. During her drawing lessons she managed to instill beauty in her students. 2. Student Belov took first place in English. 3. They graduated from a vocational school, but to work well, they need direct experience at the machine. 4. For mistakes and shortcomings, the chairman of the state farm, Pashkov, deserves punishment. 5. A few hours are enough to dress the whole family in warm mittens using a hand knitting machine. 6. The cash desk receives for baby products. 7. Binding has become an integral part of room decoration. 8. Mayakovsky’s work excites readers in a variety of languages.
TASK No. 7. Compare offers; analyze the stylistic edits. What errors did the editor notice and fix? If you disagree with the editor, please provide your edits.
1. If you look at the city from a bird's eye view, the houses will appear as bright islands among the green-blue sea.
2. The dimensions of the control plane must be larger than the prepared plane.
3. Let’s compare the latest economic indicators of the Laima factory workers with previous years.
4. The volume of net output can and usually is expressed in monetary terms.
5. Three hotels will appear at the intersection with Leningradskoye, Yaroslavskoye and Kashirskoye highways.
1. If you look at the city from a bird's eye view, the houses will seem like bright islands among the green-blue sea.
2. The reference plane must be larger than the one being prepared.
3. Let’s compare the latest economic indicators of the Laima factory with the indicators that the enterprise achieved in previous years.
4. Net output can be and is usually expressed in monetary terms.
5. Three hotels will be built at the intersection of the ring road with Leningradskoye, Yaroslavskoye and Kashirskoye highways.
TASK No. 8. Identify various forms of speech redundancy (pleonasm, tautology, hidden tautology, repetition of words), correct sentences.
1. Next year we have a lot of work to do to develop an annual plan for the upcoming work. 2.The duration of the melting process lasts several hours. 3. Residential areas are supposed to be turned towards the river, so that the existing pine grove will be preserved in the city center. 4. The plaintiff substantiates his claims on unsubstantiated grounds based only on assumptions. 5. The building will be decorated with stained glass windows made of colored cast glass. 6. In the fire of 1812, all the wooden structures of the monastery were destroyed, and the stone structures were also burned. 7. Historians explain the rapid development of the city by the fact that important trade routes met here. 8. On the western side, if you look from north to south, there is a reservoir, and on the southern side, if you look from east to west, there is a forest. 9. This year, flowering will occur on these flower shoots. 10. The park was cleared of debris, but it remained unfenced, and now it still serves as a pasture for livestock.
TASK No. 9. Indicate speech errors (repetition of words, obvious and hidden tautology, pleonasm) in the following sentences. Edit them.
1. The direction of economic development in the 20th century both here and in the West took the wrong direction. 2. Our program is dedicated to the creativity of veterans of technical creativity. 3. The act is not signed, but a copy is signed, but on the copy that is signed, it is written that it was copied from the original, which is not signed. 4. He was so sick that he constantly caught colds and was sick. 5. We are about to make decisive decisions. 6. A strange situation has arisen: according to this agreement, we must achieve indicators that we have never shown before and cannot show. 7. It also happens that in response to criticism you receive a reverse boomerang. 8. Returning home from a foreign trip, cruise, tour, everyone strives to bring a gift or souvenir as a keepsake. 9. The fact is that previously everyone participated in the good deeds of our department, in its initiatives and undertakings. Now it's a completely different matter. 10. The cost of staying in this hospital is not financed by the state. 11. The government in these difficult and difficult times must represent a single monolith. 12. Visitors to our restaurant can taste exquisite and tasty delicacies made from fresh fish. 13. A crowd of people burst into the building.
TASK No. 10. Indicate the different types of speech redundancy. Edit sentences if pleonasm and tautology should be eliminated.
1. Passengers traveling with travel tickets or documents entitling them to travel for free shall pay the cost of carriage of each piece of baggage on a general basis. 2. The factory's athletes cannot boast of sporting achievements. 3. Igor was demobilized from the army and came to our factory. He began to learn plumbing from the very beginning. 4. In the icy cold and cold, Pavel works at this narrow-gauge railway construction site. 5. In the further development of the plot, many surprises and interesting surprises await us. 6. When people cooperate and work together, they must mutually respect each other, be mutually attentive, helpful, and sensitive. 7. All teams worked efficiently and in an organized manner; all available drum dryers were used. 8. She cried and was in no hurry to wipe away her tears. 9. The proposed logging area was replete with swamps and countless mosquitoes. 10. The young man learned to respect work, to work honestly, to value working time, to love equipment and cars. 11. There have been snowfalls in the past few days, and weather conditions during the current race have created additional difficulties during the current race. 12. They said about Blok: “He died of death.” One can say about Vysotsky: “He died of life.” He strained himself, the life in him was overflowing, he overexerted himself... (Eut.)
TASK No. 11. Make up phrases with the words market, bazaar; annual, annual, using words for reference. What determines the possibility/impossibility of combining these words with other words?
Words for reference: city, central, indoor, Christmas tree, book, world, outdoor, vegetable, bird; cycle, vacation, meeting, income, estimates, stock.
TASK No. 12. For each word of the first group, select the corresponding one or more words from the second group and write down the resulting phrases.
1. Armada, legion, cohort, galaxy, crowd, gathering, flock, herd, herd, heap, mass, lot, multitude, concourse, myriads.
2. Ships, planes, tanks, numbers, information, motorcycles, revolutionaries, facts, friends, books, extremists, papers, documents, geese, horses, cows, stars, liars, sailors.
TASK No. 13. Read the text and say which speaker made a mistake? How should I say it correctly?
Two friends are going on a trip to the Caucasus. We began to think about preparation. One says: “We need to buy tourist maps and tourist jackets.” “First, let’s develop a tourist route,” another suggested.
TASK No. 14. Write which of the words (tourist - tourist) is combined with the words: DINNER, AVENUE, TRIP, COSTUME, HIKE, EQUIPMENT, GUIDE, BUREAU, LUNCH, SEASON, TRAIN, BASE, BACKPACK.
remember, that tourist - adjective of the word tourist, A tourist- adjective to the word tourism.
TASK No. 15. Edit the text.
1. At the station there is a notice: “The ticket office for business travelers is on the second floor.” 2. Gentlemen, travellers, receive your travel certificates. 3. First-year students must provide certificates to move into the dormitory. 4. The chairman of the meeting introduced the floor to the speaker. 5. The authors provided the publisher with the manuscript of the book. 6. Rats and mice in warehouses and vegetable stores destroy a lot of products. 7. The station can supply energy to a plant with great effect. 8. He was a funny guy; once he starts laughing, you can’t stop him. 9. You can start the meeting: the forum already exists. 10. I have no time to study with my younger brother. I'm very busy today. 11. The passenger was reprimanded for inappropriate behavior. 12. The author of the article writes about another requirement of L.N. Tolstoy for language, the requirement of simplicity and clarity, intelligibility. 13. Not a single injection given by nurse Natasha was painful.
TASK No. 16.
TASK No. 17. Choose the correct option from the words in brackets. Using an explanatory dictionary of the Russian language and the “Dictionary of Foreign Words”, establish the semantic and stylistic similarities and differences between these words.
1. Achieving this humane goal (is not limited, not limited) either by the state of science and technology, or (resources, capabilities, reserves) of labor and means. 2. Marked signs (heterogeneous, heterogeneous). 3. The (preventive, warning) effect of new drugs is even more striking. 4. Varieties of new crops are more (constant, stable), i.e. they better (transmit, transform) to the offspring such properties as yield, fruit size, taste. 5. In the depiction of a character there must be a (predominant, dominant) feature, which the (writer, author) must (hypostatize, make self-sufficient) based on his own (concept, idea) about (characters, heroes, images).
TASK No. 18. Edit the sentences so that each word is clear.
1. My friend recently bought himself a bike. 2. For the artist, tanks and bucks were not the main thing in life. 3. The foreigner paid fifteen pure American greens for the painting. 4. One of the features of a non-market economy is the shortage of goods and services. 5. The government’s task is to contain and curb inflation. 6. The hero of the day was given a fashionable case. 7. After much debate, a consensus was reached at the meeting. 8. It is necessary to give the protest a legitimate form. 9. When you buy an imported item, be sure to study the label(s). 10. Organizers of theatrical performances and all kinds of shows strive to gain not only profit, but also publicity.
TASK No. 19. Determine which of the given words correspond to the norm of literary speech, and which correspond to common speech.
I will lie down - I will lie down, I will lay down - I will lay down, I will have a fever - I will have a fever, I will reward - I will reward, I will splash - I will splash, I will throw - I will lay down; lie down - lie down, put it down - put it down, purr - purr, drink - drink; callus - calluses, colander - colander, baking sheet - baking sheet, pancake - pancake; shoe - shoe, debt - debt, intercity - intercity, soft - soft, purring - purring.
TASK No. 20. Find errors associated with the use of words without taking into account their semantics. Make stylistic edits to your sentences.
1. Planning, calculation of your kitchen, living room, bedroom, children's room, etc. is free; 2. We use new alternatives to increase production. 3. It is too difficult and multifaceted to be responsible for all security. 4. The team of teachers develops educational material in such a way that children quickly learn the material they are learning. 5. Image is an image created to show others the external qualities of a person, his lifestyle, his actions. 6. A partner is an accomplice to any action, event, or game. 7. I asked a passerby to describe the road to the station. 8. The teacher drew a plan for completing the work on the board. 10. Air pollution contributes to lung cancer and other diseases. 11. It is difficult to determine pollution standards due to incomplete and controversial technological and biological information. 12. It is known that Rodion, when he appeared on stage, was a very spoiled child. 13. Some workers make defects in the operation of machines. 14. Fashion designers have proposed several new designs for women's dresses. 15. The landscape of the city was enriched with new buildings.
TASK No. 21. Find errors caused by a violation of the lexical compatibility of words. Make stylistic edits to your sentences.
1. In our lyceum there is an in-depth study of major subjects. 2. Emphasis is placed on a more in-depth study of subjects related to the chosen direction. 3. We use an individual approach, taking into account the interests and abilities of the child. 4. You must go there yourself. 5. The company traditionally produces jewelry, but can also produce other products. 6. Alexey Vavilov, who has been studying at the University of Stockholm for the second year, is a recognized leader there. 7. On the eve of the cold season, preparation for winter is a matter of particular importance in the city.
TASK No. 23. Determine which words are stylistically unjustified. Make stylistic edits.
1. The most modern equipment is used in the fields of the livestock farm. 2. By the end of the year, workers of the capital’s trading network will report. 3. Punishment for carelessness in defense overtook Zenit already in the fourth minute of the first half. 4. The builders promised to erect a new computer center building in September.
Section 5. Speech qualities
Accuracy as speech quality
“The only means of mental communication between people is the word, and in order for this communication to be possible, it is necessary to use words in such a way that with each word the corresponding and precise concepts are undoubtedly evoked in everyone.”
A.N. Tolstoy
Task No. 1.
The young poet's poems will soon be published in the magazine. After his revolver was stolen at a rally, he now carried two and filled his pockets with bullets. The forest, shrouded in dark darkness, terrified us. Terrible poverty forced him to eke out a miserable coexistence. He was late back to class. When the curtain parted, an actor in a gilded role stood on the stage. Some members of the group did not appear for the mathematics exam. The appointment of the chairman seemed successful to everyone. The writer showed how young, almost teenage youth fought against enemies. He did not like to work; I led a holiday lifestyle. Learn your lessons first, and then go for a walk. In the Miss Autumn competition, this nomination is of great importance. The new play attracted the attention of critics with its original plot to the point of banality.
Task No. 2. Find speech errors in sentences that lead to subject or conceptual inaccuracy.
Ilyin’s characterization did not correspond to reality. We went to work in a backward brigade. Car mechanics tap the cast iron wheels with hammers. All the heroes of the work have their own individual traits. Who's last to get tickets? In his works, Mayakovsky uses a traditional satirical technique based on exaggeration - allegory. The poet's early works are understandable and accessible to everyone. The engine roared and the plane rushed upward. Joint recreation, like work, makes people drunk. Bulgakov's hero is a clear prototype of the Christian Jesus Christ. The indigenous people of North America - the Indians - are significantly disadvantaged in their rights. The good news put him in a minor mood - he was ready to jump with happiness.
Task No. 3. Find speech errors in sentences that lead to subject or conceptual inaccuracy.
The novel is based on the story of a typical noble family. Warm spring days occurred at the beginning of April. The students listened intently to the teacher's story. This man made a great impact on me. Our successes in the economy have led to noticeable regression in other areas. In the capital of India, we were met by a government delegation, whose members were in traditional Indian clothes - saris. At first, upon arrival in Moscow, he felt very bad. Mayakovsky stood at the sources of new poetry. He is a complete ignoramus when it comes to art. This tradition has been revived again in our country. Larina herself beat the courtiers if they could not please her. At the sight of the gift, the little prankster’s eyes sparkled, her facial expression became enthusiastic and melancholy. Three horses with a covered bag rode up to the entrance.
Task No. 4. Read excerpts from articles by V.G. Belinsky. Tell me, what did he mean by precision of speech?
1. Gogol does not write, but draws; his images breathe the living colors of reality. You see and hear them. Every word, every phrase sharply, definitely, clearly expresses his thought, and in vain you would like to come up with another word or another phrase to express this thought (Literary conversation overheard in a bookstore).
2. What precision and certainty in each word, how in place and how irreplaceable each word is with others! What conciseness, brevity and at the same time meaningfulness! When you read the lines, you also read between the lines; Understanding clearly everything the author said, you also understand what he did not want to say for fear of being verbose. How figurative and original his phrases are: each of them is suitable as an epigraph to a large essay (“Hero of Our Time”, composition by M. Lermontov).
3. Each word in a poetic work must exhaust the entire meaning required by the thought of the whole work so that it is clear that there is no other word in the language that could replace it. Pushkin is also the greatest example in this regard: in all the volumes of his works one can hardly find at least one inaccurate or refined expression, even a word... (Poems by M.Yu. Lermontov).
Task No. 5. Read the sentences. Say what two meanings each of them has. Correct the sentences so that they are not ambiguous.
1. While playing, he forgot about his glasses. 2. The boy was sent for grenades. 3. An hour after the case was received, Stepanov called me. 4. This morning the broken vase will be glued back together. 5. We have fulfilled our obligations to produce poultry meat and milk. 6. District leaders often explain concessions of this kind simply. 7. After the foreman left, a package was brought to the workshop. 8. Grandmother kept money in the bank.
Task No. 6. Find errors and correct texts from school essays .
1. We arrived in Volgograd on May 9 for an excursion. We were immediately taken to the Victory monument. Our attention was especially drawn to the obelisk called “Stand to the Death.” This obelisk is the figure of a soldier clutching a machine gun in his hand.
2. In Samara, on one of the streets there is a two-story house with an attic. There is a memorial plaque on the pediment of this two-story building. There is an inscription on the board: “The great proletarian writer A.M. lived here. Gorky in 1895."
3. The research scientist made a great contribution to the development of speleological science.
Task No. 7 . Read the text and say which speaker made a mistake? (How should I say it correctly?
Two friends are going on a trip to the Caucasus. We began to think about preparation. One says: “We need to buy tourist maps and tourist jackets.” “First, let’s develop a tourist route,” another suggested.
Task No. 8 . Write which of the words (tourist - tourist) is combined with the words:
Dinner, prospectus, voucher, suit, hike, equipment, directory, bureau, lunch, season, train, base, backpack.
remember, that tourist - adjective of the word tourist, A tourist - adjective of the word tourism.
Task No. 9 . Make up phrases with the following paronyms:
Successful - lucky, understandable - understanding, neighborly - neighborly, masterly - economical, offensive - touchy, burdened - burdened, careful - thrifty.
Task No. 10. Edit the text.
1. At the station there is a notice: “The ticket office for business travelers is on the second floor.” 2. Gentlemen, travellers, receive your travel certificates. 3. First-year students must provide certificates to move into the dormitory. 4. The chairman of the meeting introduced the floor to the speaker. 5. The authors provided the publisher with the manuscript of the book. 6. Rats and mice in warehouses and vegetable stores destroy a lot of products. 7. The station can supply energy to a plant with great effect. 8. He was a funny guy; Once you start laughing, you can’t stop it. 9. You can start the meeting: the forum already exists. 10. I have no time to study with my younger brother. I'm very busy today. 11. The passenger was reprimanded for inappropriate behavior. 12. The author of the article writes about another requirement of L.N. Tolstoy to language - about the requirement of simplicity and clarity, intelligibility. 13. Not a single injection given by nurse Natasha is painful.
Task No. 11. From the words in brackets, choose the one you need.
1. Our people will never forget the (heroic - heroic) days of the Leningrad siege. 2. The plot of the story was the (dramatic - dramatic) situation that developed in the writer’s family. 5. Registration (for business travelers - business travelers) is carried out in the lobby. 4. Four Moskvich cars can (fit - fit) in the back of the truck. 5. To achieve success, one must (take - take) (effective - effective) measures.
Task No. 12. Open the brackets to choose the appropriate word. Justify your choice. For references, consult dictionaries.
1. (Executive, executive) authorities at the local level must intensify their work. 2. The quality of the refrigerator has been improved due to some (design, structural) solutions. 3. This (planning, scheduling) deadlines for completing the work turned out to be premature. 4. Because of the fire (fire), the street became lighter. 5. Many of our films have received (great appreciation, great recognition) abroad. 6. Builders performed below their capabilities (worked, worked) in December. 7. This person met criticism addressed to him with (great irritability, great irritation). 8. At the end of the book there was a list of (recommended, recommended) literature. 9. (Decision, decisiveness) of his action surprised everyone. 10. There were a lot of people at the (assembly, collection) point, but work had not yet begun. 11. He (found, gained) respect and good reputation as an innovator, as a person of creative thought.
Task No. 13. Instead of dots, insert words that most accurately express the idea; motivate your choice. (See the words at the end of the exercise for the words the author used.)
Human... ( invented, found, found, invented, created) words for everything that he discovered... ( in the world, in the universe, on earth). But this is not enough. He... ( named, explained, defined, pointed out) every action and state. He... ( named, designated, explained, baptized, defined) words of the properties and qualities of everything that surrounds him. Dictionary... ( reproduces, defines, displays, reflects, records) all changes, ... ( happening, happening, existing) in the world. He... ( captured, reflected, preserved) experience and wisdom of centuries and, not lagging behind, accompanies life,... ( movement, progress, development) technology, science, art. He can... ( highlight, name, designate, define, point out) any thing and has the means to... ( expressions, designations, explanations, transmissions, messages) the most abstract and generalized ideas and concepts.
(According to S. Marshak)
Note: found, in the universe, named, defined, reflects, occurring, captured, development, name, expressions.
1. Most of the time passes fruitlessly. 2. At the zoo, a small kangaroo sat in a cage and cleaned its feathers. 3. There has been a tremendous improvement in living conditions. 4. The experience of recent years inevitably shows the correctness of these gloomy forecasts. 5. Extensive testing of this vitamin bioactive cream led to extremely positive results. 6. The stranger mounted his horse and rode off on foot. 7. It was so crowded on the bus that someone suggested: “Stand flat, then it will be freer!” 8. The records continue. 9. Several new enterprises and public transport have appeared in our city.
Exercise No. 14
Which of the following phrases have become fixed in the language and become acceptable, and which are perceived as redundant and do not correspond to the language norm? (For information, please refer to dictionaries of foreign words and dictionaries of Russian language difficulties.)
Information message, evening serenade, traumatic injury, timing of time, patriot of his homeland, exhibition exhibits, folklore, second-hand book, free vacancy, price list, my autobiography, biography of life, monumental monument, scanty little things, professional colleague, overall dimensions, leading leader, interior interior, driving leitmotif, unusual phenomenon, reality, time period, huge colossus, retaliatory counterattack, progress forward, memorial memorial, strange paradox, time pressure, demobilization from the army, plans for the future, ultimately, gesturing with hands , trampling, crowd of people.
Exercise No. 15
In the given sentences, indicate the phrases in which lexical compatibility is violated. Replace lexical equivalents that caused speech errors.
1. You have to spend a lot of nerves reading letters from veterans. 2. The above metal did not arrive at the customer plant. 3. By the time the apartment was exchanged, a wife, daughter and belongings were registered in it. 4. Grief did not break this woman, her love for work, her courage. 5. There are people who, having done a lot, good and useful, are quietly and modestly silent about it. 6. The teacher must give advice and comments to his students. 7. There was a frost and the corn was severely affected. 8. Sponsors gave the school a library and board games. 9. I don’t think there are people who would seriously profess the opinion of this eccentric. 10. When a pilot sits in the cockpit of a rough plane, he thinks: who will be first, if not me?
1. Now I am dead, I have become the leaves of a book, and you can turn the pages of me (Vol.). 2. I myself don’t like grumpy old men, and yet I am sincerely glad that I have not experienced the dishonor of ranks and the baseness of lordly awards (Gal.). 3. The cat turned out to be not only solvent, but also a disciplined animal (Bulg.). 4. Every night Fyodor Nikitich was visited by the same old Soviet dreams. 5. The earth was slightly touched by dark paint, and the leading star promptly signaled the onset of night. 6. A deep wrinkle appeared on Balaganov’s serene, unplowed forehead (I. and P.). 7. The new film is doomed to great success among the widest circles of the public. 8. Our hero was not at a loss and immediately paid a lightning visit to the ambassador to prevent this sudden decision (From newspapers).
Exercise No. 17
Indicate speech errors and errors in syllables; Pay special attention to the use of polysemantic words that have homonyms. Edit the text for the newspaper.
When the cheese cries
Cheese. Its spicy aromatic slices add a special appetite to our morning breakfast. “Russian”, “Pribaltiysky”, “Poshekhonsky”... In store windows the heads are similar, as if they were twins. A thin paraffin shell reliably hides everyone's secrets.
To solve and create them, our cheesemakers have to work hard,” says the chief engineer of the creamery. – Cheese is very capricious to make. Only precise implementation of the technology can provide the necessary taste qualities.
Cheesemakers begin to fight for them from the very beginning - the procurement of raw materials. Plant employees themselves often go to farms and look for farms that can supply raw milk.
…It’s not just about technique, you have to understand the cheese, you have to feel it! This can only be achieved through many years of experience. And he has already, one can safely say, come to the Uglich cheese makers. This year the plant has already produced 50 tons of cheese beyond the plan. The team does not think of resting on what has been achieved. This month they switched to a new type of sourdough, which significantly slows down the development of butyric acid bacteria harmful to cheese. When it ripens, undesirable defects such as mustiness and bitterness are eliminated.
On the eve of the holiday, we wanted to name the best cheesemakers at the plant, but this turned out to be difficult. All the workers have been working in the workshop for many years, and each contributes their part to the common pot; together they are responsible for the quality, for making the cheese, as they say here, “cry.” You cut the head, and milky “tears” sparkle in the eyes of the design. Their frosted balls are the first harbingers of a successful cheese.
Exercise No. 18
Indicate errors resulting from an inaccurate choice of synonyms (use of words without taking into account their semantics, violation of lexical compatibility, unjustified use of stylistically colored vocabulary), as well as syllable errors resulting from the inability to use synonyms (repetition of words, tautology, pleonasm, errors in creating gradation ). Correct the sentences.
1. This work must be completed, finished, completed. 2. Life in our gymnasium continues to boil and seethe. 3. This student’s knowledge is very modest, mediocre. 4. Poor quality and poor performance of homework by students hinders the solid assimilation of educational material. 5. Let's hope that the new furniture in the classrooms will last a long time. 6. I call everyone who worked on the construction of the station enthusiasts, and for good reason: they spent two shifts at the construction site. 7. Slowness and sluggishness in preparation for the construction season are unacceptable. 8. Floating equipment - boats and motors for them - must be repaired, verified, adjusted in advance, in a word, made fully ready. 9. Among Russian writers who wrote about art, Stasov is a huge, unique and unique figure, unusually remarkable. 10. On the warm sand of this wild Pacific coast, my bare feet left deep imprints, which were immediately erased by the incoming waves. 11. Errors and blunders made by the investigative bodies and resulting in the ineffectiveness of the investigation are explained as follows. 12. You ask why children’s interest in reading has collapsed so much. Ask your elders who have no contact with the book at all.
Exercise No. 19
Indicate stylistic shortcomings that arose as a result of the unjustified use of antonyms (illogicality, unclear statements, an error in the construction of the antithesis, an unmotivated oxymoron, an inappropriate pun, an incorrect construction of an antonymic pair, an unjustified antiphrase).
1. In February, the decrease in milk yield increases every day. 2. Love and betrayal, courage and cowardice, life and death... This is what the film that Kuliev is filming is about. 3. Not cheerful, but not major either, for some reason this simple motive sank into my soul. 4. Pilots of both the stronger and the fairer sex flocked to the competition. 5. The gap between the financial situation of the “new Russians” and old pensioners not only has not decreased, but has deepened even more. 6. “Health” magazine is a wonderful assistant in life and death. 7. Ivanov was expelled from college due to lack of signs of effort. 8. Ivanov’s parents show active indifference to their son’s behavior. 9. This poplar is called pyramidal because it grows strictly horizontally. 10. These memories are directed not only to the past, but also to the future.
Exercise No. 20