Christianity is not Orthodoxy
Firstly, the concept of “ORTHODOXY” has NO relation to the Christian church!
All over the world the Russian Christian Church is called the RUSSIAN ORTHODOX Church! And, what is most interesting, no one objects to this, and even the “holy” fathers themselves, when speaking in other languages, translate the name of the Russian Christian Church exactly this way!
Secondly, neither in the OLD TESTAMENT nor in the NEW TESTAMENT there are any concepts of “ORTHODOXY”! And there is this concept in the Russian VEDIC tradition!
A complete understanding of the concept of “ORTHODOXY” is given in the “SLAVIC – ARYAN VEDAS”:
“We are Orthodox, for we glorify RULE and GLORY. We truly know that RULE is the World of our BRIGHT gods, and GLORY is the BRIGHT World where our Great and Wise ancestors live.
We are SLAVS, for we glorify from our pure heart all the BRIGHT ancient gods and our Holy Wise ancestors..."
So, the concept of “ORTHODOXY” existed and exists ONLY in the Russian Vedic tradition and has nothing to do with Christianity. And this Vedic tradition arose MANY THOUSANDS OF YEARS BEFORE THE APPEARANCE OF CHRISTIANITY!
United earlier Christian church split into Western and eastern church. The Western Christian Church, centered in Rome, began to be called CATHOLIC, i.e. UNIVERSAL, and the eastern Greek-Byzantine church with its center in Constantinople (Constantinople) is ORTHODOX, i.e. TRUE. And in Rus' the Orthodox Christians appropriated to themselves the name ORTHODOX.
Slavic peoples refused Christian religion, adhered only to the Russian Vedic tradition, so Christianity was FORCEDLY spread among them.
Prince Vladimir of Kiev (aka Vladimir - “the bloody one”) renounced the Vedic Faith of his ancestors, single-handedly decided what religion all Russians should profess and in 988 AD. with the army he baptized Rus' “with sword and fire.” At that time, the Eastern Greek religion (the cult of Dionysius) was imposed on the Russian people. Before the birth of Jesus Christ (Radomir), the cult of Dionysius (Greek religion) completely discredited itself! The fathers of the Greek religion and the Jewish high priests standing behind them also fussed in beginning of XII century AD the Greek religion turned into Christianity - without changing the essence of the cult of Dionysius, they used the name of Jesus Christ, grossly distorted his teachings and proclaimed Christianity (supposedly a new cult, only the name of Dionysius was changed to the name of Christ). The most good option cult of Osiris - cult of Christ (Christianity).
Modern scientists, historians and theologians claim that Rus' became Orthodox only thanks to the baptism of Rus' and the spread of Byzantine Christianity among the dark, wild Slavs, mired in paganism. This formulation is very convenient for distorting history and DOWNLOADING the significance ANCIENT culture all SLAVIC PEOPLES.
IN modern sense“scientific intelligentsia” identifies Orthodoxy with Christianity and the Russian Orthodox Church (Russian Orthodox Christian Church). With FORCED baptism Slavic peoples Rus''s Prince Vladimir and his army massacred the rebellious 9 million people out of the total (12 million) population of Rus'!
Before religious reform(1653-1656 AD), carried out by Patriarch Nikon, Christianity was TRUE, but the Russian people continued to live according to the norms of ORTHODOXY, the norms of Slavic Vedism, celebrated Vedic holidays, which did not fit into the dogmas of Christianity. Therefore, Christianity began to be called Orthodox in order to PLEASURE the ears of the Slavs, introducing a whole series of ancient Orthodox rituals into Christianity, while preserving SLAVE essence Christianity itself. Christianity was invented to justify slavery.
The modern Church of Russia has no reason to be called Orthodox Christian (you have to think of something like that just to confuse people!).
Its correct name is the Christian Orthodox (Orthodox) Church or the Russian Christian Orthodox Church!
And yet, it is wrong to call Christian fanatics BELIEVERS, since the word FAITH has nothing to do with religion. The word FAITH means the achievement by a person of ENLIGHTENMENT WITH KNOWLEDGE, and no knowledge in Old Testament no and cannot be!
The Old Testament is the TALMUD adapted for NON-Jews, which in turn represents the history of the JUDIAN people, which is what it directly says! The events contained in these books have nothing to do with the past of other peoples, with the exception of those events that were “borrowed” from other peoples for the writing of these books.
If we count differently, it turns out that all people living on Earth are Jews, because Adam and Eve were Jews. Everyone understands this perfectly well, and, first of all, the Jews, who call all people of the WHITE race GOYAM (non-Jews) and separate themselves both from them and from people of other races and nations.
Thus, the defenders of the biblical version of the origin of man will not get anything out of this either - they simply have nothing to object to!
Let's consider why in no case should the Vedic tradition of the Slavic peoples and the Russian Christian orthodox religion be mixed, what are their main DIFFERENCES:
Russian Vedic tradition
1. Our ancestors never had a religion, they had a worldview, they had their own ideas and system of knowledge. We do not need to restore the Spiritual connection between people and Gods, since this connection has not been interrupted for us, for our Gods are our Ancestors, and we are their children. (Slavic-Aryan Vedas).
2. Gives full view about the concept of “Orthodoxy”
3. SOURCE
Slavic-Aryan Vedas. They describe the events of 600 thousand years of the past, sent to us by our ancestors
4. RELIABILITY
The Slavic-Aryan Vedas are written on gold plates that are not subject to destruction by time. Photos of these plates were published in the magazine “Vedic Culture” No. 15, September 2007, and posted on the Internet. The books “Slavic-Aryan Vedas” were published many times (for the first time in 1944), a total of 4 books were printed. The Slavic-Aryan Vedas are real evidence of the GREAT PAST, which no one can refute!
5. DURATION (“age”) of the source
The Slavic-Aryan Vedas describe the events of 600 thousand years of the past. Many ORTHODOX traditions are HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF YEARS OLD!
6. FREEDOM OF CHOICE
The Slavs respected the faiths of other peoples, for they observed the Commandment of Svorog: “do not force the holy faith on people and remember that the choice of Faith is a personal matter for every free person.”
7. THE CONCEPT OF GOD
Our ancestors always said: “We are the children and grandchildren of Dazhdbog.”
Note, not slaves, but CHILDREN and GRANDCHILDREN. Our ancestors considered gods to be PEOPLE who had reached the level of the CREATOR in their development, who could influence space and matter.
8. SPIRITUALITY
Our ancestors always said: “We are the children and grandchildren of Dazhdbog.” Not slaves, but children and grandchildren!
There has NEVER been slavery, either spiritual or physical, in the Russian expanses!
Lisskoe naval battle 1866, the battle between the Italian and Austrian fleets during the Austro-Italian War of 1866, which took place on July 20 near the island. Lissa (now the island of Vis in Yugoslavia) in the Adriatic Sea. This is the first major battle of steam ironclad ships. July 16 Italian squadron consisting of 11 battleships, 5 frigates, 3 gunboats under the command of Admiral K.P. Persano left Ancona for the sea with the goal of taking possession of the landing route about. Lissa, which housed the fortified base of the Austrian fleet (on Lissa Island there were 9 long-term fortifications, 11 batteries with 88 guns, the island’s garrison was about 3 thousand people). Attack o. Lissa on July 18-19 was organized unsuccessfully. The Italians met staunch resistance from the garrison, about which they did not have the necessary information. On the morning of July 20, the Austrian fleet, consisting of 7 battleships, 7 gunboats, 1 sailing ship, came to the aid of the island garrison. battleship, 5 frigates, 1 corvette under the command of Rear Admiral V. von Tegetthof. The Austrians suddenly attacked the Italian fleet, concentrating fire on the ships of the center. However, the gun duel between the battleships was unsuccessful. The outcome of the battle was decided by the ramming attack of the flagship battleship of the Austrians "Archduke Ferdinand Max" on the battleship of the Italians "Re d'Italia", which, together with its crew of 400 people, was sunk. Another Italian ship“Palsstro” caught fire after the shelling, malfunctioned and exploded. After this, the Italians retreated. The defeat of the Italians is explained by the weakness of their intelligence, the lack of a battle plan, poor communications, and the indecisiveness of Admiral Persano. L.m.s. showed the insufficient effectiveness of artillery against armored ships, the high maneuverability of steam ships, and their ability to quickly rearrange into various battle formations.
I. A. Bobkov.
Materials used were from the Soviet military encyclopedia in 8 volumes, volume 5.
Literature:
Marine atlas. T. 3. Part 1. Descriptions of the cards. M., 1959, p. 559-560. Bibliography: p. 562;
History of naval art. T. 2. M., 1954;
Review of the War of 1866 in Germany and Italy. Per. from French St. Petersburg, 1891, p. 302-314.
Artist unknown
November 5 (17), 1853 - feat of the steamship frigate "Vladimir". Special meaning This feat was achieved due to its uniqueness - it was the first battle in history of steam ships, which in the near future will become the basis of all fleets. It was necessary to radically change both tactics sea battle, so fundamental principles use of ships in naval warfare. All this could only be done on the basis of practical experience, which did not yet exist at that time.
The active actions of the steam frigate "Vladimir" and other Russian ships under the command of Butakov during the siege of Sevastopol showed the high effectiveness of close cooperation ground army and fleet, as well as artillery support by ships for troop operations in coastal areas. Here G.I. Butakov was the first to use naval artillery firing at closed coastal targets using a coastal correction point.
Beginning of the Crimean War
Towards the middle XIX century The contradictions between Russia and Turkey have intensified significantly. England and France pushed Ottoman Empire to restore dominance in Crimea and the northern coast of the Black Sea. Taking advantage of the favorable international situation, Turkey declared war on Russia on October 4 (16), 1853, which soon escalated into a war between Russia and a coalition of states (Turkey, England, France and Sardinia).
Ships Black Sea Fleet started immediately active actions off the coast of Turkey, disrupting enemy military transportation. A detachment of linear sailing ships under the flag of Vice Admiral V.A. Kornilov (his biography is very interesting, look at it in the article) entered the western sector of the Black Sea. This detachment included steam frigate "Vladimir" under the command of Lieutenant Commander G.I. Butakova. Not finding the enemy in this area, the detachment headed east, and the Vladimir, with Kornilov on board, went to Sevastopol to replenish coal reserves.
Steam frigate "Vladimir"
“Vladimir” turned out to have a short but glorious history. It was built in England in 1848. When building the ship they used latest achievements in the field of shipbuilding. The first commander of the Vladimir, Lieutenant Commander N.A. Arkas (future) famous admiral and one of the organizers Russian society Shipping and Trade) prepared the team in an exemplary manner and handed over command to Lieutenant Commander G.I. Butakov.
Steam frigate "Vladimir"
From a painting by artist A.A. Tron
He was a representative of the ancient noble family, which gave the fleet many famous sailors. Grigory Ivanovich reached the rank of full admiral, but due to the machinations of enemies at the end of his life he found himself out of work. However, he was well known and loved in the navy. Sailors Baltic Fleet They installed a posthumous bust of the admiral at their own expense. It is interesting that his brother, Alexey Ivanovich, was the commander of the Aral Flotilla around the same time and made a great contribution to strengthening Russia’s position in Central Asia, as well as in the study of the entire Aral region. Read more in the article about.
On the way to Sevastopol on the morning of November 5, in the area of Penderaklia from the Vladimir, they noticed the smoke of the steamer and began to approach. The unknown ship first tried to leave, but then turned to the Vladimir and lifted turkish flag. It was a 10-gun steamer "Pervaz-Bahri" ("Lord of the Seas").
At ten o'clock the ships converged on a cannon shot. The first cannonball from the Vladimir fell directly in the direction of the enemy ship: it was a signal-offer to surrender without a fight. But the Turkish steamer did not react. "Vladimir" opened fire to kill. All the guns on the starboard side of the Pervaz-Bahri responded to him, but its cannonballs were overshot. The Russians shot more accurately. Already with the third shot we managed to knock down the flag on Turkish ship, but it was immediately replaced with a new one.
Battle diagram of the steamship frigate "Vladimir"
At the beginning of the battle, Butakov discovered that the Turkish steamer did not have guns in the stern and began to keep his ship behind the enemy. This made it possible to avoid the Pervaz-Bahri's broadsides and effectively use its two bow guns - an 84-pounder bomb cannon that fired bombs and a 68-pounder cannon that fired cannonballs. When the Pervaz-Bahri turned out to be on the side, the Vladimir smashed it with five guns on its side - two 84-pound bomb guns, one 68-pound gun and two 24-pound caronade guns.
The commander of "Pervaz-Bahri", a Mameluke from the Circassians, turned out to be a worthy opponent. He resolutely entered the battle and held on until he was hit by a cannonball. Only three hours after the first shot did the enemy steamer lower its flag.
After repairs, the Pervaz-Bahri was included in the lists of the fleet under the name Kornilov, but during the surrender of Sevastopol it had to be burned. Excellent command of combat techniques, excellent combat qualities of the steam frigate "Vladimir" and good preparation the teams allowed Butakov to win brilliant victory. Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich noted that this battle “will remain memorable in the annals of the Russian fleet.” For this fight G.I. Butakov was promoted to captain 2nd rank and awarded the order St. George 4th degree.
Battle of the Russian steamship frigate "Vladimir" and the Turkish steamship "Pervaz-Bahri"
From a painting by A.P. Bogolyubova
Steam frigates in the defense of Sevastopol
Then the Black Sea people won a number of victories, including the famous victory of the Russian fleet at Sinop on November 18, 1853. (ABOUT Battle of Sinop.) However, the entry of the Anglo-French squadron into the Black Sea and the siege of Sevastopol radically changed the situation in the Black Sea. By order of the commander-in-chief in Crimea, Prince A.S. Menshikov (the great-grandson of an associate of Peter I), the Black Sea Fleet abandoned active hostilities and switched to the defense of its main base - Sevastopol.
During the first bombardment of the city on October 5, 1854, the steam frigates Khersones and Vladimir fired at the British batteries that were firing at the Malakhov Kurgan and helped defend this key position. As participants in the defense said, the ships “proved that the spirit of unity between land and naval forces can perform miracles."
The next decisive assault on Sevastopol began on June 6, 1855. On this day, the steam frigates “Crimea”, “Odessa”, “Khersones”, “Bessarabia” and “Vladimir” fired intense artillery fire at the advancing enemy troops and helped repulse the assault. In the terrible days of the August bombardment and the final assault, Butakov with his steamships supported the left flank of our troops. During the battle, he set an example for the crew of rare composure and fearlessness, calmly gave commands, as if there were no cannonballs flying near him, and he was not in danger of being killed every moment.
Technical and tactical innovations of Butakov
The war required from our sailors not only courage, but also knowledge and skill. For example, the Vladimir's guns had low elevation angles and could not fire at distant targets. Then Butakov created an artificial roll for the Vladimir, which made it possible to increase the firing range. And then he improved the gun mountings, and for the first time in our fleet began to use fire adjustment from the shore.
This allowed the ship to fire on the move at invisible targets - enemy artillery batteries located on closed slopes. Thus, he made a major contribution to the practice of using artillery on steam ships. Later, in his work “New Foundations of Steamship Tactics,” he first developed the issues of maneuvering armored ships. With his theoretical developments and practical innovations G.I. Butakov predetermined the tactical principles of combat on steam ships for many years to come.
On the night of August 31, 1855, when our troops left South side Sevastopol, Butakov sank the Vladimir and the rest of the steam frigates. They shared the fate of the Black Sea Fleet (read about its amazing and dramatic history).
The following materials were used when writing this article:
- Kondakov N. “Vladimir”. Almanac “Monuments of the Fatherland” No. 35 1996
- Zalessky N.A. "Odessa" goes to sea. Leningrad 1987
- Dotsenko V.D. Myths and legends Russian fleet. Saint Petersburg. year 2000.
I think now we can with good reason to say that in the Crimean War the Black Sea Fleet died undefeated. Although, with more competent management from the highest government authorities, he could have done much more. What do you, dear reader, think about the role and fate of the Black Sea Fleet and the steam frigate “Vladimir” during the Crimean War and after it? Share your opinion in the comments. This will be interesting to everyone!
He gave orders as during maneuvers,” Adjutant General Vladimir Alekseevich Kornilov reported on the actions of the commander of the frigate Vladimir, Lieutenant Commander Grigory Ivanovich Butakov, after the battle with the Turkish-Egyptian steamer Pervaz-Bahri. On October 29, “Grand Duke Constantine”, “Three Saints”, “Paris”, “Twelve Apostles”, “Rostislav” and “Svyatoslav” left the Sevastopol raid. They went out in search and with the aim of destroying Turkish fleet, spotted during the day in the Bosphorus area. The steam frigates Vladimir and Odessa were to join the squadron.
The squadron passed by the Chersonesos lighthouse with tailwind, then a strong southeast wind blew, so it was necessary not only to take the reefs, but also to lower the top yards. In 24 hours we managed to cover up to 70 miles. By evening the wind changed to the southwest and became contrary. At times there were rain squalls. By the evening next day the excitement has diminished somewhat. "Vladimir" joined the squadron, but "Odessa" was lost in the stormy sea.
We had to endure a particularly strong storm on November 1 and 2: we took the reefs again, then left only the main topsails and trysails. Huge three-deck ships were tossed around like tenders. Strong gusts of wind, rain and hail temporarily became their main opponents. Finally, by the morning of November 3, the wind died down. The squadron maneuvered near Cape Kaliakria, where Admiral Ushakov once defeated the Turks. In the afternoon, Kornilov sent his adjutant, Lieutenant Zheleznov, on the steam frigate Vladimir to inspect the ports of Balchik, Varna and Sizopol. The squadron put itself in order and, in formation of a wake column, maneuvered abeam Varna, awaiting messages from the Vladimir. There were no enemies in any of the ports examined. Kornilov transferred his flag to the Vladimir, which was heading to Sevastopol to receive coal. The squadron under the flag of Rear Admiral Novosilsky left to link up with Nakhimov’s squadron.
At six o'clock in the morning on November 5, steamer smoke appeared in the NW direction. “Vladimir” headed straight for this smoke: at about eight o’clock in the morning two masts and a chimney were visible. At first they thought it was the Bessarabia, but an hour later the steam frigates got so close that without spyglass it was possible to see the flags, and at ten o'clock the ships converged on a cannon shot. The first cannonball was fired from the Vladimir, falling directly in the direction of the enemy ship: this was a generally accepted signal-offer to surrender without a fight. But the Turkish steamer continued to follow the same course. The second shot from "Vladimir" was fired to kill. Immediately, all the guns on the starboard side of the Pervaz-Bahri opened fire back, but almost all of its cannonballs were overshot. The Russians shot more accurately. Already with the third shot we managed to knock down the flag. The Turks raised a new one. Then Butakov went to the stern and shot the enemy at point-blank range with his bomb guns.
Butakov wrote about this battle in his report: “Seeing that my enemy did not have stern and bow defenses, I directed two 68-pound guns in the direction of my bowsprit and began to hold it in its wake, dodging little by little in one direction and the other to make it more convenient it was necessary to point each one in turn. When, in order to be able to aim his side guns, he tried to take a direction across my course, I dodged in the same direction and smashed him with five guns on my side, namely two 84-pounder, one 68-pounder and two 24-pounder guns -carronades."
By eleven o'clock all the boats on the Turkish steamer were broken, holes were visible in the side, the spars were damaged, and the ship was demolished. Observation deck, the chimney resembled a sieve. Several times “Vladimir” approached the grape shot and discharged its cannons at point-blank range. Butakov managed to fire several broadside longitudinal salvos from the stern. At one o'clock in the afternoon the Turks lowered the flag. Lieutenant Ilyinsky was sent aboard the enemy steam frigate in six, who accepted the prize and raised the St. Andrew's flag on it. As was instituted by Peter the Great, the flag of the defeated ship hung at half-mast under the St. Andrew's flag.
Then, under the command of senior officer Lieutenant Ivan Grigorievich Popandopulo, a team of forty people landed on the Pervaz-Bahri. All prisoners were transported to the Vladimir. The captured ship, the 10-gun Egyptian frigate Pervaz-Bahri, had a crew of 151 people. He delivered mail to Sinop and returned to Penderaklia. The Russians captured nine officers and 84 lower ranks. There were more than 40 people killed and wounded. The guy from the Pervaz-Bahri was donated to the Naval Corps.
“Those sent to take possession of the prize,” wrote Butakov, “found on it a terrible picture of destruction and death: fragments of the steering wheel, compasses, hatches, spars and broken tackle, mixed with weapons, corpses, human limbs, wounded, blood and coal, with which his deck was littered in order to have a large supply! And several bombs exploded below. In the bow cabin, an officer who went down to extinguish the fire caused by the bomb was torn apart by a cannonball; in the stern - the helmsman, who was there for a similar purpose. Not a single bulkhead that was intact! The sides, casings, and battered booths! Steam and chimneys are like a sieve! The two halves of the rudder, broken near the water, barely held together and soon broke off from one another! More than three-quarters of its thickness was chipped off the mainmast in two places and it could barely hold on!”
Subsequently, this steamer was repaired at the Sevastopol shipyard and became part of the Black Sea Fleet under the name “Kornilov”, but upon the surrender of Sevastopol it had to be burned.
“Vladimir” also received minor damage. On the Russian ship, Lieutenant Zheleznov and a bugler were killed, and a non-commissioned officer and two sailors were injured. Admiral General Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich sent a letter to the father of the deceased Lieutenant Zheleznov with the following content:
“Ivan Grigorievich!
It is very unfortunate for me that the first time I happen to write to you, I have to talk about the misfortune that befell you. The glorious death of your son, who fell during the capture by our steamer of the Egyptian steamer "Pervaz-Bahri", saddened me all the more because I knew Lieutenant Zheleznov as a cadet, at the very beginning of his service and then had him on the account of our most excellent naval officers, who could be very useful with their abilities, diligence and excellent direction. Your parental heart will find relief from its grief in a warm prayer to the Lord for the one killed in battle; and as a Russian and a loyal subject, you will, of course, be consoled by the thought that your son fell with honor under the Russian flag in a battle that will remain memorable in the annals of the Russian fleet.
I ordered the name of Lieutenant Zheleznov to be placed on a marble plaque in the Church of the Naval Cadet Corps, so that our naval officers from childhood would get used to pronouncing it with respect.
I ask you to trust my sincere sympathy for your grief and remain always friendly.”
This was the first battle of steam ships in history. All Vladimir officers received the following ranks, and Grigory Ivanovich Butakov received the Order of St. George, 4th degree. Non-commissioned officers received ten rubles, and privates five rubles. The team was given six St. George's Crosses. After some time, the emperor awarded Lieutenant Popandopulo the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree with a bow, Lieutenant Prince Baryatinsky with a golden weapon, and gave the team four more St. George Crosses.
On November 17, 1853, during the Crimean War, the first battle of steam ships took place, when the Russian frigate Vladimir forced the surrender of the Turkish steamer Pervaz-Bahri. Let us remember the military exploits of the steamships of the Russian fleet.
"Meteor"
First steam ship On the Black Sea, the 14-gun steamer Meteor, built in Nikolaev in 1826, became a new ship. The steamer had a displacement of 261 tons and reached a speed of up to 6.5 knots. The ship was used during Russian-Turkish war 1828-1829 during the landing of landing parties near Anapa and shelling of the fortress, where the raid, which was replete with shoals, did not allow large groups to actively operate sailing ships. This was the first combat use steam ships in Russia. In 1839, Meteor was excluded from the fleet and dismantled.
First battle of steam ships
On November 17, 1853, the steam frigate “Vladimir” under the command of G.I. Butakov attacked the Turkish military steamer “Pervaz-Bahri”. Butakov quickly noted that the Pevaz-Bahri did not have guns at the stern and, skillfully maneuvering, tried to keep his ship out of the firing range of most enemy guns. Butakov described his actions as follows: “Seeing that my enemy did not have stern and bow defenses, I directed two 68-pound guns in the direction of my bowsprit and began to hold it in his wake, dodging little by little in one direction and the other, so that it would be more convenient to aim each one by one. When, in order to be able to aim his side guns, he tried to take a direction across my course, I dodged in the same direction and smashed him with five guns on my side, namely two 84-pounder, one 68-pounder and two 24-pounder guns - carronades." After a three-hour battle, “Pervaz-Bahri lowered the flag. The trophy was towed to Sevastopol, renamed “Kornilov” and, after repairs, introduced into the Black Sea Fleet. The reasons for the victory in the first battle of steam ships were competent maneuvering, better preparation crew and the presence on the Russian steamship of heavy guns on rotary platforms. Subsequently, “Vladimir” was actively used in the defense of Sevastopol and the Battle of Inkerman, supporting the actions with fire ground forces. For the first time, mounted firing from a ship was practiced at an invisible target, when the fire was adjusted from the shore. "Vladimir" was scuttled by the crew on September 15, 1855, when leaving Sevastopol, almost to last days providing fire support to troops.
"Vesta"
The steamship was built in 1858. With the beginning of the Russian-Turkish War, Vesta was turned into an auxiliary cruiser. The ship was supposed to operate on enemy communications. On July 11, 1877, near Constanta, Vesta was forced to engage in battle with the Turkish armored frigate Fehti Buland. The 5-hour battle was a chase, as a result of which the Russian steamer managed to avoid fatal damage and escape from more powerful enemy. The descriptions of individual details of the battle differ significantly, but the very fact that the armed steamer managed to avoid death in a battle with an enemy armored frigate is a feat. On the Vesta, 12 people were killed and 28 were injured. After the end of the war, the ship was disarmed and used for civilian transport. On November 17, 1887, Vesta was lost in a shipwreck off Cape Tarkhunkut.
"Grand Duke Constantine"
The steamship was built in 1858 in France, and during the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878. under the leadership of Lieutenant S. O. Makarov, it was converted into a mine transport. The ship carried several guns and four steam launches equipped with pole mines and later Whitehead mines (torpedoes). In total, “Grand Duke Constantine” made five military campaigns. Boats from the Konstantin carried out a number of mine attacks, including a successful one, when on January 14, 1878, the Turkish armed steamer Intibah was sunk in the Batum roadstead. This was the first successful torpedo attack, which ended in the destruction of an enemy ship. After the end of the Russian-Turkish war, “Grand Duke Constantine” long time It was used for transportation and was scrapped only in 1896.
"Kamchatka"
The transport workshop "Kamchatka" came into operation in 1904 and was supposed to support the march of the squadron of Rear Admiral Z. P. Rozhdestvensky to Far East. The participation of "Kamchatka" in the campaign of the 2nd Pacific Squadron was marked by numerous breakdowns, incidents and incidents, the most famous of which was the Gull incident at Dogger Bank, when, after a message from "Kamchatka" about the appearance of destroyers, the Russian squadron opened fire, as a result of which one English fishing vessel was sunk and two others were seriously damaged. In addition, the cruiser Aurora, which was traveling on a parallel course, received 5 hits. In the Battle of Tsushima on May 14, 1905, the transport workshop represented a huge target, having only six 47 mm rapid-firing guns. We must pay tribute to the crew of the "Kamchatka", who on the evening of May 14 covered the damaged flagship battleship "Prince Suvorov" with fire from their guns from the attacks of Japanese destroyers. "Kamchatka" died at 19:30, coming under fire from Japanese armored cruisers. When on a sinking ship, one of the mechanics suggested that the senior officer raise White flag, Lieutenant V.V. Nikanov, who was dying from his wounds, replied: “Whatever you want, but not the flag.”
"Kursk"
The steamship was built in 1911 in England at the expense of residents of the Kursk province and had a displacement of 8,720 tons and a speed of 11.5 knots. During the First World War, he made flights from England to Arkhangelsk. In 1920-1930 operated on the Odessa-Vladivostok and Leningrad-Vladivostok lines. In the fall of 1936, the Kursk was delivered to Spain, where it was underway Civil War, aviation gasoline and military specialists, withstanding the attacks of surface ships and aircraft of the Francoists. During the Great Patriotic War was actively used in the defense of Odessa, Sevastopol and Tuapse. During the war, the Kursk traveled over 15 thousand miles, making 59 flights, and landed troops in Feodosia, Kerch, Kamysh-Burun, and Myskhako. In the first two years of the war alone, the Kursk transported about 66 thousand people. The ship withstood more than 60 air attacks, receiving significant damage. In total, there were about 4,800 holes in the Kursk hull. In 1953, it was expelled from the fleet and scrapped.
"Alexander Sibiryakov"
In 1915, the steamer Bellaventure was purchased in England and renamed Alexander Sibiryakov. During the First World War, the ship provided transportation in the White Sea. In the summer of 1932, “Sibiryakov” with an expedition led by O. Yu. Schmidt, with great difficulties, for the first time passed the Northern by sea. "Alexander Sibiryakov" was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
During the Great Patriotic War, the ship was included in the White Sea military flotilla. On August 25, 1942, the Sibiryakov was attacked by the German “pocket battleship” Admiral Scheer. The outcome of such a battle was predetermined: two 76 mm and two 45 mm guns of the Russian steamer, given the distance and armor of the German battleship, in principle could not cause harm to the enemy ... Having been hit by heavy shells, the Sibiryakov sank. Of the 105 people, only 18 were picked up by the German raider. Fireman P.I. Vavilov managed to get to Belukha Island, from where he was evacuated 32 days later. In 1965, the coordinates of the battle and death of the steamship "Alexander Sibiryakov" were declared a place of military glory.