Studying in India according to the state program. History of the development of the education system in India

Studying in India, where there are such stark contrasts between wealth and poverty, would seem to lose all interest for an immigrant. However, the practice of studying in this exotic country shows completely different results. A large flow of applicants flows towards India every year. The goal of every potential student is a good education for little money, and in the long term, life abroad.

History of Indian Education and Basic Principles

The history of the development of the education system in India is a long-term stage, the beginning of which, according to various estimates, dates back to the 5th century BC. Even then, educational institutions with the properties of a higher school were created in Ancient Taxila.

The ancient city of Taxila was considered the center of higher education in India. It was there that secular institutions first began to be established, along with Hindu temples and Buddhist monasteries. These institutions attracted foreigners with training in Indian medicine. However, in addition to the study of living matter, Indian education opened the way to knowledge of logic, grammar, and Buddhist literature.

Education in India began to emerge in the 5th century BC

The ancient educational system of India supported the principle of dividing society into castes. Depending on their belonging to a particular caste, she gave people the necessary knowledge. The modern world has changed somewhat. Indian education in its current form allows one to learn any skill, regardless of a person’s caste.

The country adheres to the main principle of educating its citizens - “10 + 2 + 3”. This model provides for 10 years of schooling, 2 years of college, plus another 3 years of study for the first stage of higher education.

Ten years of school include 5 years of junior high, 3 years of high school, and 2 years of vocational training.

Features of Indian education

Preschool education

Before entering school, Indian children are educated through a system of nurseries and kindergartens. The nursery accepts babies aged 6 months and older. At this stage, the educational process can continue until the age of three. From three to five (six) years old, children are educated in kindergartens, which are usually the first level of primary school.

Indian educational system from start to finish

There are public and private preschools in India. Moreover, there are almost 2 times more private kindergartens. The services of municipal children's institutions are, as a rule, free, except for small fees for household needs from the administration and donations from parents. However, the quality of education here is lower than in private institutions where parents pay for the service.

...My son went to kindergarten in India, and now he goes to Moscow. My personal opinion is that in an Indian kindergarten they give a child almost free of charge what they would have to shell out a lot of money for in Moscow. Because in state kindergartens in Moscow children are not taught, but supported. Moreover, constant fees from the parent committee are not clear for what. At the first opportunity, when I am in India, I will try to send my son to a local traditional kindergarten. The only problem was food, in Moscow they provide food, in India they don’t...

Nadezda Lisina

http://ttshka.livejournal.com/103803.html?thread=1499771#t1499771

...Classical Indian kindergarten. Private. But only children from the poorest families go to state kindergartens here. Ours costs a little over $10 a month. Many people can afford this...

http://ttshka.livejournal.com/103803.html?thread=1501563#t1501563

School education in India

Children between the ages of 5 and 14 must receive compulsory schooling. The school year in Indian schools begins in late March - early April. Studying at schools is divided into two semesters: April-September, October-March. The longest school holidays are in May-June, when many parts of India are covered in heat (45–55º C).

School education is compulsory in India

Compulsory education is a government policy priority in India. Approximately 80% of primary schools are state owned or supported by the authorities. Training is free. Parents of students pay only small amounts for school expenses. All training costs are covered by the state.

Indian schools are divided into types:

• municipal,
• state,
• private with state support,
• boarding schools,
• special schools.

Municipal and non-governmental schools are managed and financed locally by state administrations and local national education councils. As a rule, parents of public school students pay tuition fees for their children once - upon admission. Most of the public schools in India are affiliated with CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) and ICSE (International Center for Secondary Education).

Public schools are funded and managed solely by the national government. This type of institution has the lowest cost of education services. Funds for maintenance are allocated by the state and CBSE branches operating in the territory where the school is located. In public schools, all teachers are male. Students are required to wear a school uniform. Moreover, each school provides students with uniforms of individual style.

Many private Indian schools require you to wear a uniform.

Private schools with state support do not belong to the state, but operate according to the rules established by the Indian authorities. Tuition fees here vary depending on the level of service and prestige. Therefore, rates can range from $15 for a month of training to $15 for one day of lessons.

Boarding schools are an educational structure that provides not only conditions for study, but also for living. Boarding school services are paid - from $2,300 to $6,000 per year.

Special schools in India are designed for children who need special care and have developmental disabilities. Children receive standard or vocational education in special schools and acquire the skills necessary for a full life.

...Each Indian school has its own school uniform, which includes not only shirts, skirts, jackets and trousers, but even socks, ties and boots. The little ones must wear badges that indicate their name and address...

Anna Alexandrova

http://pedsovet.su/publ/172–1-0–5156

Video about school from an Indian student

High school in India

Indians usually complete the senior secondary school stage in 6 years (12–18). The last two years are considered high-level secondary education with a vocational and technical focus. From the age of 15, everyone has the opportunity to take exams approved by the directives of UGC, NCERT, CBSE.

UGC (University Grants Commission) is a commission for university grants in Sri Lanka. It is engaged, among other things, in regulating the admission of applicants to universities. NCERT (National Council of Educational Research) is the national council of educational research. CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) is the central board of secondary education that approves examination processes in schools.

The standard examination process is designed for students aged 17–18 years (completion of secondary school). Successful completion of the examination procedure means receiving a certificate of completed secondary education. The document is necessary for everyone who plans to improve their knowledge through higher education in India.

International schools

In January 2015, there were more than 400 International Class Schools (ISC) operating in India. International schools provide complete secondary education, usually in English. In addition to school knowledge, ISC students acquire vocational and technical skills.

Many of the international schools are positioned as public. Teaching in such institutions is modeled on British public schools. These are expensive and prestigious educational institutions, among which we can highlight, for example, Delhi Public Schools or Frank Anthony Public Schools.

Education in Indian Colleges

The number of Indian colleges in 2011 exceeded 33 thousand institutions. Of this number, 1800 had the status of women's educational institutions. In fact, this type of educational platforms belongs to the country’s higher education system. Numerous courses are organized at the colleges, covering the humanities and natural sciences, as well as courses in foreign languages, in particular English. Many colleges belong to Indian universities. In fact, they are all the initial stage of university education.

Colleges, as a rule, represent the initial stage of university education

The priority direction of study in colleges is technical and technological specialties. Medical education and business management are also considered popular. Technical colleges in India are often called institutes. The list of the best institutes contains more than 500 items. Here are just the first 5 from the list:

1. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay.
2. Indian Institute of Technology Madras.
3. Kanpur Institute of Technology.
4. National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli.
5. Punjab Institute of Engineering and Technology.

University education system in India

India's higher education system is second only to China and the USA in terms of its scale.. The peak of development of Indian higher education occurred between 2000 and 2011. At the end of 2011, there were more than 40 international universities operating in the country, about 300 public, 90 private. Another 130 educational institutions were at the stage of transition to university rank. The following Indian institutions of higher education stand out for their high level of education, recognized at the global level:

1. National Institute of Technology.
2. Indian Institute of Information Technology.
3. Indian Institute of Management.
4. International Institute of Information Technologies.
5. University of Mumbai.
6. Jawaharlal Nehru University.
7. Indira Gandhi National Open University.

Admission of students, as a rule, is carried out without exams. The academic year for Indian universities begins in August and ends in April. Traditionally, Indian universities have taught on a single semester basis, covering a period of 10 to 12 months. At the end of each year, students took exams.

Now there is a reform with an eye on European principles. Many higher education institutions have already switched to a scheme of two semesters lasting 5-6 months each. Exams are taken at the end of each semester. English is the main language of instruction for the vast majority of universities. Students are offered a wide range of educational programs. For example, from the following set:

• India - The IT Superpower,
• Sample IT Curricula,
• English Training,
• Internship Programs.

...I entered the master's program at Bangalore University. Requires translation of a Russian diploma (degree certificate) into English (possible without a notary and apostille. We did it in India). In this case, they are interested in the final score as a percentage. Previously, we didn’t put percentages on diplomas. The result was not even indicated by numbers, but by the words: “good”, “excellent”, “satisfactory”...

Dhimanika

http://www.indostan.ru/forum/2_7057_4.html#msg363097

Video about Buddhist University of Philosophy

Some Popular Educational Institutions in India

National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) is an institution established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. Previously called the National Open School, it was intended to provide education in remote areas of the country. Administers open school examinations in rural areas.

Rajkumar College is one of the oldest colleges in India, teaching students in the K-12 system (12-year education with a vocational focus). Located in the center of Rajkot city. The institution was built back in 1868 by a certain Colonel Keating. However, today it has the most modern facilities and comfortable student dormitory.

The Indira Gandhi National Open University is a higher education institution run by the Government of India. One of the largest universities where, in addition to standard types of education, distance learning is offered. In total, the university provides higher education to more than 4 million students.

The Calcutta Institute of Engineering is in fact the world's largest multi-disciplinary engineering and professional society. The year the institute was founded was 1920. And in 1935, the institution was registered by Royal Charter. Students from different countries receive high-quality higher education here in the field of mechanical engineering and other technical areas.

The Indian Institute of Architects is another unique educational institution established in 1917. The institute provides professional education in four areas of architectural art. The institute offers numerous courses that teach the basics of urban planning, infrastructure development and other intricacies of the construction sector.

Photo gallery of popular educational institutions in India

The Calcutta Engineering Institute is a full member of the Royal Charter The administrative building of the Indira Gandhi National Open University is always ready to accept students. Rajkumar College has trained many specialists over the many years of its activity. The National Institute of Open Schooling is the basis of Indian education in rural areas. The Indian Institute of Architects trains high-class specialists for a unique areas of activity

Video: Indian education in Delhi

Cost of studying in India

Free education in India for Russians, Ukrainians, and Kazakhstanis is possible, but only within the framework of the Indian ITEC economic program. Advanced training and internships are the main directions of short-term (2–3 months) education provided by the ITEC program. Everything else is paid at established international rates.

Since 2008, the cost of educational services in India has increased manifold. Secondary and vocational education costs the Indian government more and more every year. The Ministry of Statistics recently published information on this matter.

In just a few years, spending on Indian education has increased by 175%

However, for local residents, the cost of Indian higher education remains low. Indians pay about $300–350 per semester for undergraduate university studies. International students pay more - up to $6,000 per academic year.

...When a representative of the Indian Consulate in St. Petersburg came to our faculty with a lecture, he strongly recommended the ITEC program. This, of course, cannot be called either a master's degree or a graduate degree, but it is free, provided that you are selected...

winterose

http://ru-india.livejournal.com/824658.html?thread=6673234#t6673234

...I studied for a year at Hyderabad Central University for a master's degree in anthropology through ICCR. Study and accommodation are free, they pay a stipend. Documents must be submitted in January. From good universities: IFLU in Hyde, in Pune, Delhi University and J. Nehru University, also in Delhi. Seems to be good in Pondicherry, and the city is great...

http://ru-india.livejournal.com/824658.html?thread=6672978#t6672978

What are the requirements for foreigners upon admission?

The step by step process is as follows:

• make a request to the educational institution through any modern means of communication,
• select the faculty you are interested in,
• submit an application for admission (by regular mail, online, other means),
• if approved, fill out a temporary application form, pay an entry fee of €1000 + €100 for service,
• receive a certificate confirming the fact of admission,
• apply for a student visa at the Indian Embassy by presenting a certificate of admission,
• fill out the student's permanent application form and send it along with the package of documents.

Package of documents for the student application (translated into English):

• certificate or diploma,
• a list of qualifying exam disciplines certified by the administration of the former educational institution,
• certified copy of passport,
• student visa (original),
• medical certificate, including HIV test results,
• English language certificate (if required by the university),
• receipt of payment of the health insurance premium for the first year of study in the amount of €45.

Scholarships and grants for Russians and not only

Every new academic year, the Government of India approves a package of scholarships and grants for international students. Typically, all available scholarship offers are sent to different countries around the world through diplomatic missions. Therefore, all information on Indian government scholarships and grants can be obtained from the Indian embassy or consulate.

Russian, Ukrainian, and Kazakh students are interested in scholarships and grants that are provided according to the following schemes:

1. General Cultural Scholarship Scheme (GCSS) - General cultural scholarship scheme.
2. Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) is a scheme of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations.
3. Commonwealth Fellowship Plan - Commonwealth scholarship scheme (postgraduate studies only).

Student Housing and Living Costs

The level of expenses for accommodation, food, entertainment, etc. directly depends on the location of the student. If your studies take place in cities such as Delhi or Mumbai, you should be prepared for the fact that the standard of living in these cities is comparable to large cities in Europe, Australia, and the USA. In general, living costs in India are significantly lower than in other countries of the world.

Common student housing options are campuses or private accommodation. Installation on student campuses is free only for local citizens. Foreigners have the opportunity to stay in student dormitories, but for a certain fee - from $60 to $100 per month. Apartment rent is approximately $150–200 (two-room apartment in Mumbai). On average, $100–150 is spent on food and other needs per month.

Conditions for obtaining a visa

An immigrant student must have:

• original passport and photocopies of important pages,
• a printout of the visa application form in two copies, previously completed online on the Government of India website (both copies of the document must be signed),
• one photograph, size 2x2 cm, color, on a white background (the face is completely open, without glasses),
• a letter from the administration of the educational institution where the student was admitted (indicating the details of the training),
• a photocopy of an identity card issued in the student’s country of residence,
• a bank statement indicating the availability of funds sufficient to study and live in India.

You must also pay all fees associated with your student visa. If accompanying persons travel to the country with the applicant, they also need to obtain an entry permit and residence permit.

Work while studying, employment prospects

There are virtually no opportunities for international students to work while studying in India.. University administrations are, to put it mildly, unkind to working while studying. But after completing their studies, graduates have good job prospects. Graduates of high-tech faculties can always count on lucrative contracts. Such specialists are in great demand by foreign companies. Engineers and architects, financiers and technologists are also valued.

...You can't work. The scholarship is tiny, I agree, so you need your parents’ help anyway. You can live in a student dormitory or rent an apartment, which is more expensive, but better. It’s interesting to learn, which outweighs all the disadvantages...

http://www.indostan.ru/forum/2_7057_5.html#msg367209

Pros and cons of Indian education (summary table)

Studying in India, as demonstrated by student examples, allows you to successfully achieve your goals. Indian higher education competes on equal terms with developed countries of the world and is ready to provide immigrants with a profession in demand. Then, as the students say, it’s a matter of technique. Work in a reputable international company and attractive life prospects.

Of course, we will not consider those very colorful and stereotypical educational institutions located in particularly remote corners of the country, which are difficult to look at without tears. The educational path that is open to every foreign child and to those whose parents are willing to spend a certain amount on the development of their child will be taken as a basis, because even in public schools and universities you will have to pay.

This cannot be denied, because this is not just an ingrained stereotype, but in India there really are quite a lot of difficulties with education. This happens not only due to poverty and difficult economic conditions, but also, although only partly, the mentality of some residents.

While it cannot be denied that widespread education reform has made primary education accessible to the vast majority of children, the quality of these schools leaves much to be desired. In addition, about 50% of children do not master the subsequent stages of education due to their high cost and lack of time for the children, who are sometimes busy at work.

However, all these obvious shortcomings are not absolute, since in India you can find an educational institution that will give your child an education no worse than in the most successful European countries.

What should a preschooler do?

To begin with, it is worth noting that there are no kindergartens in our and European understanding in India. This is the tradition of this country that has developed over thousands of years, where mothers are supposed to sit with their children until a certain age, teaching them through the efforts of the entire large family.

However, due to the fact that in recent decades there has often been a situation where both parents work, and there is no opportunity at all to place the child with relatives, special groups have emerged that work at a preparatory school (pre-school). Here children are divided by age and time they are expected to be away from their parents. As a rule, several hours with a teacher are spent in educational games, during which children learn not only the basics of the world, but also English and Indian languages.

It often happens that after parents choose a particular group for their child, they no longer think about choosing a school. This is because after completing the next age level in such “kindergartens”, you can simply continue your child’s education in primary school. However, there are often cases when parents carefully think about choosing a school educational institution in a separate manner.

What are the features of the Indian school?

Despite the fact that primary education in India has recently become publicly available, when choosing a school for a child, many advise focusing on private schools or especially prestigious public schools (the cost of education in which averages about $100 per month), which will have to be searched for additionally. The thing is that not all Indian educational institutions will provide you with a quality education in good conditions.
Private schools are distinguished by the fact that they very often place emphasis on equally good mastery of not only the Indian language (Hindi) and the language of the state, but also English, which years later children consider almost their second mother tongue. Subsequently, children, depending on how diligently they studied, will be able to speak fluently in three languages ​​at once. Also, they use different approaches to raising children and presenting knowledge and material, which may be of interest to people who prefer innovative methods.

You will be pleasantly surprised, but in absolutely every school in India, regardless of its status and prestige, children are fed at school. The food set is standard for everyone, it is rice with a bottle of water and masala. Products may vary at some locations.

After you choose a school that suits your child, you will need to reserve a place in advance by paying an advance reservation fee and begin preparing all the necessary documents.

Let's go to higher education or Indian institutes

In total, there are about 220 higher education institutions in the country, 16 of which are central. Especially notable among them is Nalanda University, established in the 5th century AD. e., which has its own specific flavor and long history.

It is worth noting that in India you will not find simple specialized universities, but those whose otherness and specificity are especially pronounced. For example, at the Indira Kala Sangeet, which is located in Hairagarh, they are introduced only to Indian music, and at the Calcutta Rabindra Bharati, students do not study anything except the Bengali language and Tagore studies.

The largest and most prestigious universities in India are Gandhi University, Rajasthan University, Bombay University, Mumbai University and Calcutta University. They continue to be quite popular for many years not only among the local population, but also among some foreigners.

In recent years, technical professions have become especially popular, as the growth of students and graduates of engineering and technical specialties is especially noticeable. What is important is that in a country with such progress, the demand for specialists in this profile is growing, since they are simply necessary for the developing economy of the country.
The Indian education system itself, due to its long joint history, is completely identical to the British one. There are also three stages that students master during the learning process. At each of them (Bachelor, Master or Doctor of Science), you can complete your education by receiving the corresponding diploma.

Despite the fact that India has a rather unsightly reputation in European countries, which, unfortunately, is based not only on stereotypes, it is a developing country. Here the economy and productivity are growing rapidly, and every year people are increasingly striving for knowledge by any means. Yes, getting on your feet here at the moment may not be easy, but it is possible, especially for those children whose families have the finances to do so.

First stage of education is ten years, the second is two years. This is where compulsory secondary education ends.

For the next three years, you can study both at school (preparation for entering a university) and at a vocational college (here students receive secondary specialized education).

There are also specialized trade schools, where after eight to ten years of study, the student, along with secondary education, receives any in-demand profession: seamstress, mechanic, mechanic.

Higher education, according to the Bologna system, has three levels: bachelor's degree (from three to five years depending on the specialty), master's degree (two years) and doctoral study (three years of attending specialized courses and writing a dissertation).

Universities in India very many, and they vary greatly in teaching method and focus. There are highly specialized educational institutions that provide knowledge, for example, exclusively in language or music.

Education for children in India

Education for foreign children is available in both public and private schools. Teaching is conducted in English. Before admission, students usually undergo an interview.

The cost of education in public schools is quite affordable - about one hundred dollars a month. Private educational institutions will cost more, but the learning process there is more interesting and varied. The tuition fee also includes meals for schoolchildren.

Higher Education in India

It is quite easy to get higher education in India. To enter a university you don’t even need to take entrance exams. Most students enter Indian universities through exchange and internship programs.

But there is an opportunity to get an education at a university on your own. Universities are divided into centralized (their activities are regulated by the state), local (subject to state legislation) and private.

There are no branches of famous foreign universities here. A year of university study will cost a foreigner about fifteen thousand dollars.

Generally Indian education is at a fairly high level, but the best quality education here is in pharmacology and jewelry making.

Studying is becoming very popular for foreigners in English in Indian universities. For admission, it is enough to pass a simple test to determine the level of knowledge, according to the results of which students are divided into groups.

Foreign students, as a rule, live in dormitories. However, if you want to get to know the life and culture of Indians better, some Indian families provide a room for sharing.

In general, living in this country will cost much less than even in the native CIS countries.

Monthly expenses, including accommodation, food, and moderate entertainment, will cost $150–250. In addition, the Indian government often issues grants and scholarships. An advantage here is given to graduate students studying in specialties related to Indian culture, its religion, and art.

Second higher education in India

A second higher education in India can be obtained completely free of charge. To do this, it is enough to already have some experience in your specialty and participate in a specialized program of the Indian government.

The professions included in this program are limited, but their list is extensive and is updated every year. Detailed information about the possibility of free education can be found on the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as the Ministry of Education of India. Indian education and living conditions

The conditions of Indian education and living are noticeably different from what we are used to. First of all, the difference in nutrition is striking.

In India there is no meat (only poultry), no traditional bread (only flatbread), no dairy products (only if you prepare them yourself). There are no usual medicines, such as iodine, for example. Very difficult traffic situation.

Traffic lights and signs are installed only in large cities, and even then, not everywhere. For many, an unpleasant surprise is the preference of Indians in the field of perfumery and taste in general.

There are many beggars and simply professional beggars on the streets. Unfortunately, those who are overly squeamish will have a hard time in this eastern country.

You shouldn't count on strict intensive training either. India is not Germany. Here the number of holidays (both national and local) is not much less than the number of days in a year. For this reason, the educational process is often interrupted for a day or even more.

Education system in India. Paradigm and features

Prepared by Maria Proskuryakova, 2nd year, master's degree

• Ancient India at the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. e. a pedagogical idea developed that all members of the upper castes were required to undergo a period of apprenticeship under the guidance of a mentor.
• The ancient Indian population was divided into four castes, or varnas, according to which the purpose of education was to prepare for life in the conditions of their “niche” (caste). A characteristic feature of education during this period was the absence of a common educational ideal for all. Each caste had its own educational goals. For brahmanas (priests), the education of purity and righteousness was considered necessary, for kshatriyas (warriors) the education of courage and boldness was important, for vaishyas (farmers) the education of hard work, and for the shudras (servants and artisans) the education of obedience. It is also important that education was considered mandatory only for the three highest castes.

• Since time immemorial, India has been an educational center. Thousands of years ago, great scholars taught from the scriptures. Teaching was taught and masterpieces were created on subjects as diverse as:
• 1) philosophy;
• 2) religion;
• 3) medicine;
• 4) literature;
• 5)drama and art;
• 6) astrology;
• 7) mathematics;
• 8) sociology;

The concept of modern education in India is aimed at raising a well-rounded person who can appreciate the beauty, art and rich cultural heritage of the country. The modern educational system is based on a focus on the needs of the people, the preservation of the native language and cultural traditions. One of the main directions of the country’s social policy today is to increase the general level of education of the population, therefore schools are being built everywhere in the states, and education of children in schools is promoted as opposed to home education and work from an early age.

Education levels

• Education in India is divided into 4 levels:
• 1)Primary education;
• 2) Non-formal education;
• 3) Women's education;
• 4) Higher education;

• School education in India follows a unified scheme. A child begins to study at school at the age of four. Education in the first ten years (secondary education) is free, compulsory and carried out according to the standard general education program. Main disciplines: history, geography, mathematics, computer science and a subject freely translated by the word “science”. From the 7th grade, “science” is divided into biology, chemistry, and physics, which are familiar in Russia. "Politics", the equivalent of our natural sciences, is also taught.
• Preparation for entering universities takes place in schools. Students who choose vocational training move on to colleges and receive specialized secondary education. India is also blessed with a large number and variety of trade schools. There, over the course of several years, in addition to secondary education, the student also receives a profession that is in demand in the country.

Today every citizen is required to receive basic secondary education in India, regardless of gender and social status. This level is free. The minimum educational level is 10 classes. Here children study from 4 to 14 years old. Second stage: grades 11 - 12, the stage is preparatory for those students who decide to continue their education at the university and get a specialty. Despite the fact that every citizen of India has the right to receive a free complete secondary education, the country has a system of private schools where in-depth study of individual subjects can be conducted and increased attention is paid to foreign languages.

All educational institutions use innovative teaching methods, but the quality of education in private schools is much higher than in many public educational institutions. The average cost of private school tuition is between $100 and $200 per month, and sometimes higher.

This is interesting:

• All secondary schools provide students with free meals;
• It is in India that the world's largest (!) school is located, with more than 32 thousand students.

Non-formal education

• In 1979, the Non-Formal Education Program was launched, which was designed to provide education to children aged 6-14 years who remained outside of formal education. The program focused primarily on 10 states with low levels of education, but it was also implemented in urban slums, hills, tribal and other backward areas.

• Women's education

Programs aimed at improving the status of women:

1) Women's Assembly(Mahila Literacy);

2) Campaign for Widespread Women's Literacy;

3) Non-formal education centers exclusively for girls;

4) Professional education;

5) University Commission for Grants for Higher Education.

Since India's independence, the literacy rate among women has increased significantly. In 1951, only 7.3% of women were literate, in 1991 this figure reached 32.29%, and currently it is 50%.

Higher education

• The higher education system in India is divided into 3 levels:
• 1. Bachelor's degree. Bachelor of Arts, Commerce and Sciences – 3 years. In agriculture, dentistry, pharmacopoeia, veterinary medicine – 4 years. In the field of architecture and medicine – 5.5 years. In journalism,
• library science and law – from 3-5 years.
• 2. Master's degree. A master's degree requires two years of preparation and includes attending classes or writing
• research work.
• 3. Doctoral studies. Admission to doctoral level takes place
• upon completion of a master's degree. The program includes taking classes and writing a research paper. The Doctor's degree is awarded after an additional two years after completion or three years after completion Master's degrees.

The higher education system in India is represented by more than 200 higher education institutions, which educate more than 6 million students from India and other countries of the world. Today, India ranks third in the world after China and the United States in terms of the number of higher education institutions. Indian universities are divided into federal universities and universities offering education within the same state.

Indian universities are becoming increasingly popular among young people from many countries around the world. Despite the fact that state universities recruit only applicants with Indian citizenship for state-funded places, today foreign students also have the opportunity to receive higher education at one of the Indian universities for free. To do this, you must apply for a scholarship or grant and get it approved. The Indian Council for Cultural Relations is responsible for issuing scholarships and grants for studying at one of the universities in India. As a rule, leading federal universities annually provide several grants for foreign students. Therefore, if you are interested in studying at a particular university, you should wait until the university allocates a grant for the specialty you are interested in (as a rule, information is posted on the website of the Indian Embassy or on the website of the corresponding university), and submit an application.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Higher Education in India

pros

Minuses

During your studies, you have the opportunity to become better acquainted with the rich Indian culture, as well as improve your English language skills.

A mandatory requirement for students of faculties of various directions is a good knowledge of the English language.

Low cost of training.

Low standard of living.

Low cost of living.

There is no opportunity to work while studying.

Indian educational institutions provide a good level of training. IT specialists, graduates of Indian universities, are in demand today in many countries around the world.

After obtaining a diploma, the chances of employment in one of the Indian companies are very low.

Scholarship and grant programs are actively developed, which means there is a high probability of free education.

To enter a university you do not need to pass entrance exams.

Foreign students are provided with a free dormitory or hotel room.

Also, there are interesting offers to go to India for free under the ITEC program, to study various sciences - English, Hindi, economics, etc. for 2-3 months. You can read and choose the training that you like here - Study program in India. You are paid for travel, accommodation and food. This program is aimed at the development of Indian culture in Russia, but in order to get into the framework of this program, you need to fill out a form, send it and wait for a response... :)

Here is an excerpt from the ITEC program:

“As part of the program, participants receive free education at the best Indian universities and, in order to gain experience in India's development, specialize in areas such as banking, media, international relations, management and small business. ITEC also offers defense training at prestigious institutes in India such as the National Defense College in New Delhi or the Defense services Staff College in Tamil Nadu.

All training programs are conducted only in English. The Government of India covers all tuition costs, including international airfare, living expenses (room and board), and college fees. Students in the program also receive a stipend or allowance for daily needs. Around 2,000 participants from all over the world study in India every year under the ITEC program. It is not only an educational program but also a tool for promoting bilateral contacts and friendship between India and its friends around the world.

The only conditions for participation in the program are age - from 25 to 45 years - and knowledge of English, since all courses are taught in English. People who have taken part in the ITEC program once are not eligible for repeat internships under the program.

Visas for ITEC students are issued free of charge at Indian diplomatic missions in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Vladivostok.

The Institute is carrying out organizational arrangements to meet program participants in India. Participants are provided with hostel/hotel accommodation and a monthly stipend up to a maximum of INR 5000.00. The amount may differ slightly depending on the chosen university, since the cost of food is deducted from it. Program participants are encouraged to bring their own money for personal expenses. On average, 300.00 US dollars per month will be enough (current exchange rate 48 rupees per 1 dollar). Institutes organize excursion trips to local attractions and educational tours, for example, when completing internships at universities in Delhi, students visit the Taj Mahal and Agra.”

In my opinion, this could be quite an interesting experience! 🙂