In the next few years, 21 bridges will be thrown across the Moscow River and 4 more will be reconstructed. Half of them are automobile, half are pedestrian.
Today, the city’s connectivity along the river is insufficient, said Deputy Mayor of Moscow Marat Khusnullin. - We will solve this problem through the construction of new transport and pedestrian bridges. There will also be 64 kilometers of new embankments and 40 public centers near the Moscow River. In addition, it is planned to improve 73 kilometers of existing embankments.
Let's take a walk in the garden
In the Mnevnikovskaya floodplain there will be two pedestrian and two automobile bridges across the Moscow River and a landscaped embankment. Using walking bridges, visitors to the Sports Park in Krylatskoye (Rowing Canal), as well as those living and working in the Filevsky Park area, will be able to walk to the future Mnevniki metro station. It is planned to open in 2018.
A highway approximately 300 meters long will connect the streets of the People's Militia and Nizhniye Mnevniki. This crossing will be cable-stayed, that is, suspended, with an observation deck. Pedestrian bridges will also connect Mnevniki with Fili Park. One of them is planned to be landscaped with climbing plants. Foreign architects already have similar projects (see photo). But in the capital, such a miracle passage will most likely be insulated. And the vines will be grown hydroponically, that is, without soil, in a water-air “mixture.”
By the way, in Moscow Architecture Committee As an experiment, they proposed landscaping the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Bridge near the Kremlin. It is not yet clear whether they will put trees in tubs on it or, for example, simply decorate it with flowers in hanging pots. But it is already known that they are planning to build a pedestrian zone there.
Overlooking the Kremlin and Zaryadye
Perhaps the most unusual thing will be the floating bridge over the Moskvoretskaya embankment. It will “fly” over the water in the Zaryadye Park currently under construction. It is promised to open by City Day in 2017.
It will be built in the form of a loop. This is a lightweight yet durable design. According to the project, the park itself will go in the form of a flying bridge to the water, where a pier will be built. An observation deck will be opened on a loop hanging over the road and river. At the highest point the bridge will rise to a height of 10 meters. On this spot you will feel like the heroes of the famous scene from the film “Titanic”, flying over the water on the bow of the ship.
Where cars will drive along the embankment, the distance from the bridge to the roadway will be 5 meters.
ON THE MAP
1. Transport bridge on the continuation of Rublevskoye Highway.
2. Pedestrian bridge across the Moscow River to the Spartak metro station.
3. Transport bridge as part of the highway from Volokolamskoye Highway to Stroginskoye Highway.
4. Reconstruction of the Krylatsky transport bridge on Nizhnie Mnevniki and Krylatskaya streets.
5. Pedestrian bridge across the Moscow River to the Terekhovo metro station.
6. Transport bridge with reconstruction of Novozavodskaya Street, Beregovoy Proezd and connection with 3rd Magistralnaya Street.
7. Pedestrian bridge across the Moscow River to the Mnevniki metro station.
8. Transport bridge in the area of Nizhnie Mnevniki street.
9. Pedestrian bridge in the area of Demyan Bednogo Street.
10. Transport bridge on the highway from Mnevniki Street to Bolshaya Filevskaya Street.
11. Transport bridge with reconstruction of Novozavodskaya Street, Beregovoy Proezd and connection with 3rd Magistralnaya Street.
12. Transport bridge on the highway of the Northern understudy of Kutuzovsky Prospekt.
13. Arrangement of a pedestrian zone on a separate tier of the Dorogomilovsky Bridge.
14. Pedestrian bridge in the area of 1905 street.
15. Pedestrian bridge across the Moscow River, connecting the Crimean embankment and “Red October”.
16. Reconstruction of the pedestrian part of the Moskvoretsky Bridge.
17. Pedestrian bridge from the House of Music to the Novospassky Monastery.
18. Pedestrian bridge to Leninskaya Sloboda street.
19. Pedestrian bridge in the area of Novodanilovsky Proezd.
20. Transport bridge on the highway from the embankment of the left bank of the Moscow River to Sevastopolsky Avenue.
21. Transport bridge on the highway along the left bank of the Moscow River.
22. Transport bridge on the highway from Andropov Avenue to Yuzhnoportovaya Street.
23. Transport bridge connecting Shosseynaya and Kaspiyskaya streets.
24. Pedestrian bridge across the Moscow River in the area of Marshal Golovanov Street.
25. Pedestrian bridge over the Moscow River in the area of Alma-Ata Street.
For now, you can get to Crimea by ferry, where a very difficult situation has developed due to the large flow of tourists. During the holiday season, about 2 thousand cars accumulate at the crossing and have to wait for their turn for days.
In order to select the most optimal option for laying the bridge, 74 options were analyzed. The potential intensity of road and rail transport, construction costs, and the feasibility of constructing tunnel crossings were taken into account.
Experts immediately named the “Tuzlinsky alignment” as the most likely, since this particular route of the Kerch Bridge was initially shorter than others, by 10-15 km. However, its main advantage is its remoteness from the Kerch ferry crossing and intensive shipping.
This option also makes it possible to use the 750-meter wide Tuzlinskaya Spit. It is proposed to lay a road and railway along it, which will reduce the number of bridge crossings by 6.5 km, which means that the labor intensity and cost of construction will be reduced significantly.
The first bridge, 1.4 km long, will run from the Taman Peninsula to Tuzla Island, and the second, 6.1 km long, is designed to connect Tuzla with the Kerch Peninsula. The total length of the bridge will be about 19 km.
On the Crimean coast there will be a highway to the M-17 highway 8 km long and a railway 17.8 km long to the station. Bagerovo, through which the railway of republican significance passes. In the Krasnodar Territory, a 41 km long highway to the M-25 road and a 42 km long railway to the Vyshesteblievskaya intermediate station on the Caucasus-Crimea railway are being designed.
Few people know, but the railway bridge across the Kerch Strait has already been built once. More than fifty years ago, when the Germans still hoped to gain complete power over all of Eurasia, Hitler nurtured a blue dream - to connect Germany with the Persian Gulf countries by rail through the Kerch Strait. During the occupation of the peninsula by fascist troops, steel structures were brought to Crimea for the construction of a bridge. Work began in the spring of 1944, after the liberation of the Crimean peninsula from the Nazi invaders.
On November 3, 1944, railway traffic was opened on the bridge. However, after just three months, the bridge's supports were destroyed by ice. Having lost its strategic importance, the bridge was dismantled and replaced by a ferry crossing. However, regardless of such a seemingly primitive design, the construction of a bridge of such length on a sea strait in wartime is a historical event and a technical achievement.
The new Kerch Bridge is supposed to be made of two levels, since it should include railway tracks and a highway. At the same time, on some sections of the bridge, trains will move parallel to cars, and on others, they will pass over or under them.
The exact opening date of the Crimean Bridge has become known. During a business breakfast with foreigners, the plenipotentiary representative of the Russian President in the KFO Oleg Belaventsev invited guests to the opening of this large-scale facility.
Construction of a bridge across the Kerch Strait. Photo: Mikhail Metzel/TASS
“We know the date when the bridge will be opened - December 18, 2018, and the logistical problems will be solved,” he said. “As one famous person said, “either with you or without you,” but we will still do what what we have in mind. But it’s better with you, so you’re welcome.”
Let us remind you that on Tuesday, April 12, the first bridge support was installed. There are currently 57 supports in operation. In total, according to the project, builders will have to erect 595 supports, for the construction of which 5.5 thousand piles will have to be driven.
The 19 km long bridge will cost the budget 211.9 billion rubles.
Vehicle traffic through the structure will take place in four lanes at speeds of up to 120 km/h. The highway will be able to handle up to 40 thousand cars per day.
The parallel railway will consist of two tracks. Starting from 2019, up to 47 pairs of trains per day will travel to Crimea and back. Passenger trains will be able to cross the Kerch Strait at a speed of 120 km/h, and freight trains - 80 km/h.
The arch over the fairway of the Kerch-Yenikalsky Canal will allow passage of ships 185 meters wide and 35 meters high.
The Crimean Bridge is one of the largest infrastructure projects being implemented in Russia. It originates on the Taman Peninsula, passes along the existing five-kilometer dam and the island of Tuzla. Then it crosses the Kerch Strait, rounding Cape Ak-Burun from the north, and reaches the Crimean coast.
The state contract for the design and construction of a bridge across the Kerch Strait was signed on February 17, 2015.
The search for a general contractor for the construction of the Kerch Bridge was complicated not only by financial restrictions, but also by fears of falling under sanctions.
“I must say honestly, usually there are a lot of people interested in projects of this kind - here we had difficulty finding a company that agreed to implement this project. And due to financial limitations, and due to various other restrictions that can be imposed on people who are involved in this work,” Russian President Vladimir Putin said during a “Direct Line” with Russians on Thursday, April 14.
And then he added that “after all, there is a company, it works, and it works successfully - it went through the appropriate selection procedures, and they argued very harshly for several months over the cost - after all, our relevant government services even reduced this final price a little. I hope everything will be done efficiently and on time."
Yesterday, information was also received that construction work on the construction of a bridge crossing to Crimea is being carried out according to schedule. This was reported in the Crimean Bridge information center.
“The country’s best bridge builders, who have completed global construction projects: BAM, preparations for the APEC summit in Vladivostok, the Universiade in Kazan, and the Olympics in Sochi, have been involved in the implementation of the project,” the information center added.
After Russia annexed Crimea in the spring of 2014, relations between the fraternal peoples deteriorated greatly, and accordingly, the transport connection between Crimea and Russia through Ukraine became under threat. In this regard, Vladimir Putin made an unprecedented decision to build a bridge that would connect the peninsula with Russia. But the concern of local residents is increasing every day; they want to know when the bridge to Crimea will be built. Let's try, based on facts, to find out whether a bridge to Crimea will be built at all.
How important is the Crimean bridge
The Kerch Bridge will be able to boost the economy on the peninsula by restoring the flow of tourists to the level of Soviet-era levels. At least this is what the Crimean authorities say. But creating such a grandiose structure in this area is a very complex construction and engineering task. How will it ultimately be implemented?
With the opening of the bridge, there will be an economic boom, which is associated with the fact that Crimea will be able to receive at least 10 million tourists, but so far these figures are very far away, because in 2015 the peninsula received only 4 million vacationers. Naturally, this is much less than in Ukrainian times, however, despite this, tourists began to spend more money. Indeed, when the construction of the bridge across the Kerch Strait is completed, completely new prospects will open up for the region. In general, the launch of the bridge will provide the peninsula with a colossal volume of cargo/goods and passenger turnover, while most of the economic problems of Crimea will be solved, including the following:
- Year-round operation of ground transport between the peninsula and mainland Russia, regardless of weather conditions;
- Queues for the ferry will become a thing of the past;
- Food security of the peninsula, correspondingly reducing prices for various goods;
- Investment attractiveness of Crimea.
As you can see, the importance of the Kerch Bridge is difficult to overestimate, just like the uniqueness of the project itself.
The uniqueness and scale of the Kerch Bridge
The very timing and scale of construction have already become unique, because this will be the largest bridge crossing, the length of which will be 19 kilometers. Its daily capacity will be up to 47 trains and 40 thousand cars. They will even build the bridge in record time - 3 years, that is, until the end of 2018.
Work has already begun at the end of summer with the construction of 3 temporary technological bridges necessary for the delivery of building materials. The first of them has already been built, 1.2 km long. It stands on 58 supports, which are designed to transport up to 250 tons of cargo and exposure to ice. The second bridge and railway technological road will be opened no later than winter 2018. Now just imagine how much effort and building materials such a structure will require, not to mention the financial costs - the cost of the bridge will cost Russia 230 billion rubles.
In what year will the main bridge be built? After the design documentation is approved, work will begin on the construction of the main Kerch Bridge, which will become a unique construction for engineers, because they must take everything into account and deal with all difficulties, including natural disasters. In terms of its complexity and scale, the Kerch Bridge will be the only one of its kind, since it will absorb the experience gained over the years in the construction of most bridges. Due to difficult geological conditions and tight deadlines, the Kerch Bridge can only be equated to the crossing of the Ob River, which is located in the Tomsk region.
— is in full swing. They work at eight sites at once. The main outlines of the future bridge across the Kerch Strait are already visible from space. So far, construction is being carried out in full compliance with the schedule. By the end of 2018, the automobile part of the bridge should be launched, and a year later the railway will open. The total length of the Kerch transport crossing will be 19 kilometers.
Another infrastructure project no less important for Crimea is the construction of a new one, which will become a continuation of the Kerch Bridge and will go deep into the peninsula. The length of the future Tavrida will be about 300 kilometers. The route will be of the first category, four lanes - two in both directions - and will run along the route Kerch - Feodosia - Belogorsk - Simferopol - Bakhchisaray - Sevastopol.
Now “Tavrida” is an old road, almost broken in places. And if the new route does not work synchronously with the Kerch Bridge, then a bottleneck effect is guaranteed. All efforts to build the bridge will go down the drain, the crossing will simply stop.
The government has confirmed: there will be money. The schedule has also been announced: until March 2017 - design and survey work, then, according to the head of the Republic of Crimea Sergei Aksenov, in 2018 two Tavrida lanes will be launched - one in both directions - and by 2020 more will be completed.
The construction of the Kerch Bridge and the Tavrida highway is under the special control of President Putin. Sergei Aksenov assures: “All the tasks set by the President of the Russian Federation will be completed on time.”
Houses located in the zone and the Tavrida highway, Crimean authorities. Already in December, Crimeans will begin to move into new apartments. Some new residents have already seen their future home and are satisfied.
In the barn, built with my own hands, there are chickens, ducks and 12 cows. Small farm for a large family. The Lokhmatov family has lived in one of the houses on the outskirts of Kerch for more than twenty years. Where in Soviet times there were barracks for the garrison of the Kerch fortress, there are real barracks without gas, water or toilets. Of all the amenities - only electricity. Lyudmila and her husband did everything here themselves - in fact, they built the whole house from scratch. We installed water and sewerage. They added rooms for four children. And this is how many people live here.
The beginning of the construction of the Crimean Bridge, which can be observed from virtually every window here, radically changed the lives of almost 80 families. Residents of Cementnaya Slobodka - this is the name of this district of Kerch - will soon move to a new house. The old one is included in the sanitary protection zone of the bridge and is subject to demolition. This is the last autumn when you have to heat your apartment with wood or coal. These houses are still heated by stoves.
The walls are cracked, the roof has almost collapsed. They had been planning to resettle people from these houses for a long time, but there was simply no money in the city budget for this. Now the residents of the cement settlement are in for big changes.
Lyubov Yakovlevna and her grandson Timur are ready to move. They had already collected almost everything - dishes in boxes, summer clothes in bags, carpets rolled up. Living in a house that has never undergone major renovations is simply unbearable. The housewarming will be celebrated in December.
For the residents of Cementnaya Slobodka, an entire microdistrict is being built almost in the center of Kerch. All stages of construction of the residential complex are monitored by the Crimean Bridge Public Council. This issue is under the personal control of the head of the republic, Sergei Aksenov.
“There will be contact with people,” Aksenov assured. “They will take into account wishes for finishing, no one will be abandoned. We tried to delve into the details that worried everyone as much as possible. It’s a reputational issue. No one will let you down in terms of deadlines, we will accept quality.”
“The difference between what they had and what they will have is big. This is modern housing. Everything is gasified, the area has the appropriate infrastructure,” said Nikolai Dolgachev, chairman of the Public Council of the Crimean Bridge.
The new residential complex consists of two three-story houses with autonomous heating. The foundations are already ready, the walls are being erected, and all utilities are connected. According to the plan, there will be a children's play area and a sports ground. Two steps from the house there is a school and a kindergarten - something that the residents of Cementnaya Slobodka sorely lacked.
The Crimean Bridge is also being built at an accelerated pace, in some places even ahead of schedule. From the observation deck, the construction site is clearly visible. Despite gusty winds and storms, work does not stop for a minute.
The largest and most complex part of the Crimean Bridge is the shipping arch. Now it looks like a huge metal construction set. Arched spans are assembled in stages - in stages. First - the lower parts. This is where cars and trains will travel. The length of the arch will be 227 meters - more than two football fields. Such a long span over the sea is being created for the first time in the history of domestic bridge construction.
The parts are assembled into blocks with pinpoint precision. Each bolt, and more than a million of them are needed for shipping spans, is tightened by the builders by hand. Already under the finished arch, any ships will be able to freely pass from the Black Sea to the Azov Sea and back.
And on the island of Tuzla, builders concreted the first slab of the roadway. This is the basis of the future road surface. The asphalting of the spans will begin simultaneously when all the slabs are concreted. The bridge will open to traffic in two years.