European Extremely Large Telescope - this is a telescope with a segmented mirror, the diameter of which is 39 meters. Thankfully, it will be able to collect more light than any other telescope. And that’s why he dares to look as far as we have not yet looked. And it’s better to study this. But the trial-le-ma concludes that the Euro-drink Through-you-but the Big Tele-scope is on-going on the ground. As a consequence, its visibility should be limited by the at-mo-sphere. Because she's moving. In this connection, the clarity of the image is lost. And, of course, that’s why there are cosmic telescopes, the visibility of which is not limited -on the at-mo-sphere.
But space telescopes have their own problems. The most obvious of all is their place. It's hard to let them go. It's hard to serve. And I want to somehow solve the problem on Earth. This is the decision that the Ev-ro-drink through the Large Tele-scope appears to be! And he solves it thanks to the system of adaptive optics. The essence of the swarm is, of course, obvious! It helps to us-tra-thread the effect of the at-mo-sphere tour-bu-lent-nos-ty. But the surprise is that she pos- sues to cover half of his nose! Although it is not possible to achieve such precision in all modes. Which, by the way, is not evidence of their helplessness. Because each regime decides its own problems.
The adaptive HAWK-I system is used to cover a larger segment of the sky. And the adaptive MUSE system is used to form a more accurate image of a segment of the sky, di-a-meter at 30cm. But on the other hand, they are absolutely not covered with at-mos-fer-tour-bu-lent-noses. So, in the near future, we will have some amazing pictures of outer space and our native land. And, most likely, with the help of the Euro-drink, the Extraordinarily Big Te-le-sco-pa will manage to Xia look and . Well, or at least study it better. In any case, there is still a lot of in-te-res-no-go waiting for us!
European Extremely Large Telescope in comparison
Sources
Eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/
Eso.org/public/news/eso1824/
High, high in the mountains of northern Chile, in the driest desert on Earth, there is nothing - no water, no vegetation, no animals. And astronomers chose this place to build the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) - the largest infrared and optical telescope in the world. But in order to build a telescope, you first need to blow up a mountain.
“We're blasting away at the top of this mountain to make a foundation for a structure that will dwarf anything that came before it,” explains Rob Ivison, ESA's director of science.
“Probably 25 kilometers from here it looked like a weak ‘pfft’. But we blew up as much as 5,000 cubic meters of rock, imagine, 11 tons of debris flew into the air,” says Roberto Tamai, E-ELT program manager.
Here, on the top of the 3000-meter-high Cerro Armazones mountain, a 150-meter support platform for the telescope will soon appear. The project is being implemented by the European Southern Observatory. The giant telescope's height can only be compared to that of a football stadium, with a 39-meter mirror.
According to Roberto Tamaya, “its task is to build, equip, make it suitable for scientific research. We are still at the very beginning of the journey: we need to build a road, create a platform, a lot still needs to be done to start building the telescope itself. It is difficult to manufacture parts, and not only in Europe. It’s difficult to transport them here, a whole series of containers, assembled right here on site; very dry air, unbearable sun, radiation, and then the altitude - it’s also hard to adapt to,” he says.
If this place is so inaccessible, with a landscape more reminiscent of Mars than Earth, why did the European Space Agency choose it to build a new telescope?
“We spent a lot of time finding out which mountains have the clearest skies, the most cloudless nights, and the least amount of light in the sky. This place was most suitable and was chosen for the construction of the telescope,” says Rob Ivison.
The operation of the telescope will be monitored from the Paranal Observatory, which is located 25 kilometers from here. Episodes from the Bond film Quantum of Solace were filmed in the local underground oasis, the Observatory Hotel. Silent during the day, it comes to life at dusk, peering into the heavens. And work is in full swing at the largest telescope.
Every night, astronomers collect data here for European scientists, exploring everything from the most distant galaxies to the planets of the solar system. And although just the Largest Telescope is already a great help to scientists, the new Extremely Large Telescope promises great promise.
“We are located in the control center of the Paranal laboratory, from here we control the telescopes. There are stars that we can only barely see from Earth or from space, and with the equipment we have now, we can only dream of seeing their spectrum. With the arrival of the Extremely Large Telescope, we will be able to do this and much more. It’s simply breathtaking,” says Valentin Ivanov, an astronomer at ESA.
So what makes the European Extremely Large Telescope better than others? NASA's Hubble Telescope also continuously observes the Universe from orbit. And the camera of its successor, the James Webb, will be able to capture light waves invisible from Earth. The Extremely Large Telescope's mirror will collect 15 times more light and produce more detailed images.
Astronomer Stefan Briand says:
“From space it is very convenient to observe, for example, objects that emit in the thermal, infrared range, and those that emit in the ultraviolet spectrum. But in some cases, you can get a clearer picture from Earth. We use different technologies for different cases, which do not compete, but complement each other.”
“Many astronomers will be able to combine data obtained from both space and Earth. They're already doing this: let's say they have data from Hubble, and if there are fuzzy objects there, then astronomers turn to the spectrograph of the Very Large Telescope for help. One of the main achievements of astronomical science over the past five years is the discovery of a huge number of exoplanets. We now know that they are nothing like Earth, Mars, Venus or Jupiter. And if now we can only guess what they are, then with the help of the Extremely Large Telescope we will be able to measure the parameters of their atmospheres and see what they are made of,” says Evine van Dischek.
“For the first time, we will be able to image planets that orbit other stars and see if they have signs of life. This will change everything, we will learn about the existence of another world, we will learn that we are not alone in the Universe,” notes Rob Ivison.
So, they will now look for life on other planets from here, from this mountain in the Atacama Desert, using a giant telescope.
The earth's atmosphere perfectly transmits radiation in the near-infrared, optical and radio ranges. Thanks to this, using a telescope we can examine in detail space objects located hundreds of thousands of kilometers away from us.
The history of the telescope began in 1609. It was invented, of course, by Galileo. He took a spotting scope he had created years earlier and installed it with three times magnification. Then it was a breakthrough. But more than four centuries have already passed, and people are surprised by other inventions. And one of the most amazing things is the world's largest telescope.
European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT)
This is exactly what its name sounds like in the original. Translated literally as follows: “European Extremely Large Telescope.” And it’s hard to disagree with the dimensions stated in the name. It really is extremely large - you can see by looking at the photo above.
Where is the largest telescope in the world? In Chile, on the top of the Cerro Armazones mountain, whose height is 3,060 meters. It is unique because it is an astronomical observatory.
The telescope itself will be equipped with a segmented mirror, the diameter of which is 39.3 m. It consists of many hexagonal segments (798 of them, to be more precise). The thickness of each is 50 mm and the diameter is 1.4 m.
Such a mirror will make it possible to collect as much as 15 times more light than any currently existing telescope can. Plus, the E-ELT is planned to be equipped with a unique adaptive optical system consisting of five mirrors. It is this that will provide compensation for the turbulence of the earth’s atmosphere. In addition, thanks to this technology, images will become much clearer and more detailed than before.
Construction of E-ELT
So far, the largest telescope in the world has not been put into operation. It's just under construction. The process was expected to take 11-12 years. The start of work was scheduled for 2012, but in the end it was postponed to March 2014. For the first 16 months it was planned:
- Build an access road to the place where the telescope tower will be located.
- Prepare a supporting platform at the top of the mountain.
- Install trenches for cables and pipes.
The first thing they did was blow up the top of the Armazones rock - right in the place where it was planned to build the notorious tower. This happened in 2014, on June 20. By blowing up the rock, it was possible to prepare a support for a multi-ton instrument.
Then, in 2015, on November 12, the traditional groundbreaking ceremony was held.
And on May 26, 2016, the largest contract in the history of ground-based astronomy was signed at the headquarters of the European Southern Observatory. His subject, of course, was the construction of the dome, tower and mechanical structures of the supertelescope. This cost 400,000,000 euros.
At the moment, the project is being carried out in full force. On May 30 of this year, 2017, another contract was signed, the most important - for the production of the notorious 39.3-meter mirror.
The production of the segments of which it will consist is carried out by the international technology concern Schott, located in Germany. And their polishing, assembly and testing will be carried out by specialists from the French company Reosc, part of the industrial conglomerate Safran, which operates in the field of high technology and electronics.
Possibility of invention
The project to build the largest telescope in the world has been fully funded, so we can say with confidence that the construction of the observatory will be completed. There is even an approximate date for putting the device into operation - 2024.
His capabilities are impressive. If you believe scientists, then the largest telescope in the world will be able not only to find planets close to Earth in size - it will be able to study the composition of their atmosphere using a spectrograph! And this opens up unprecedented prospects in the study of space objects located outside the solar system.
In addition, with the help of E-ELT, scientists will be able to explore the early stages of space development, and even find out accurate data on the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe. It will also be possible to check physical constants for constancy over time, and even find organic matter and water on the discovered planets.
In fact, the largest telescope in the world is a direct path to answers to a number of fundamental scientific questions related to space and even the origin of life.
And if indeed all of the above (or at least something) takes place, then this will turn out to be the most justified billion of dollars invested in the invention of something. $1,000,000,000 is the cost declared by the European Southern Observatory for the largest telescope in the world, the photo of which is presented above.
Thirty Meter Telescope
It was said above which telescope can rightfully be considered the largest in the world. Thirty Meter Telescope is second to it. The diameter of the main mirror is 30 meters. And the TMT is located on Mauna Kea (Hawaii), whose height reaches 4,050 m.
It is the next largest optical telescope in the world. The project was approved in 2013, and preparatory work began at the same time.
It is worth noting that the TMT costs the same as the world's largest optical telescope, E-ELT. $1 billion has already been invested in it. And 100 million were spent even before construction work began. The money was spent on design documentation, construction, and also on preparation of the construction site. Official construction started in 2014, on October 7.
The TMT project was of interest to many - it was sponsored not only by the US government, but also by Canada, China, India, and Japan.
It’s interesting that the organizers almost caused problems for themselves by choosing Mauna Kea as the location for the future observatory. This place is sacred to the native Hawaiians. Naturally, many of them sharply opposed the construction of the largest telescope in the world on it (there is a photo above). But in the end, the Hawaii Bureau of Land and Natural Resources gave the go-ahead for construction.
Giant Magellan Telescope
Here's also what the largest telescope in the world is worth noting. The Giant Magellan Telescope is a project between Australia and the United States. At the moment, construction is in full swing. GMT, like E-ELT, is located in Chile. A more precise location is the Las Campanas Observatory, located at an altitude of 2,516 meters above sea level.
This invention will be based on a main mirror with a diameter of 25.4 m. In addition to the giant reflector, the telescope will receive the latest adaptive optics. It will make it possible to eliminate as much as possible all the distortions that the atmosphere creates during observations.
If you believe scientists, then all of the above will make it possible to obtain 10 times higher quality images than those currently provided by Hubble, which is in orbit.
In theory, GMT will perform a lot of functions. With the help of this invention, scientists will be able to find exoplanets and take pictures of them, explore galactic, stellar and planetary evolution, black holes and the manifestation of dark energy. With GMT it may even be possible to observe the very first generation of galaxies.
The work is expected to be completed in 2020. But the developers are more positive - they say that the telescope will most likely see “first light” with four mirrors. They just need to be introduced into the design. If this is so, then this event will happen very soon - work is currently underway to create a fourth mirror.
Gran Telescopio Canarias
This is the largest telescope in the world, capable of performing coronagraphic, polarimetric, and spectrometric studies of cosmic bodies. The diameter of its main glass is 10.4 m.
It is located in Spain, on the island of La Palma (2,267 meters above sea level). Its construction was completed quite a long time ago, in 2009. At the same time, the official opening ceremony took place, which was attended by King Juan Carlos I himself.
This project cost 130,000,000 euros. It was funded 90% by Spain and 10% by Mexico and the University of Florida. Since the GTC is a functioning telescope (while others are just under construction), it is in first place in the ranking of inventions with the largest mirror in the world. By the way, it is made up of only 36 segments.
Vatican Project
Now we will talk about a very interesting topic. In 2010, a new telescope was opened on Mount Graham in Arizona. A whole team of scientists from major German universities, specialists from the Vatican (the founders of the project), as well as professors from Arizona State University worked on it for a long time. It may not be the largest telescope in the world, but it is an amazing invention. And it’s worth talking about.
So this is the greatest reflecting telescope in the world. Which is called... "Lucifer". The world's largest binocular-type telescope with two parabolic mirrors, each with a diameter of 8.4 m, is called exactly that.
What’s most interesting is that this word is made up of abbreviation letters. In the original it looks like this - L.U.C.I.F.E.R. If you decipher it, you get: Large Binocular Telescope Near-ifred Utility with Camera and Integral Field Unit for Extragalactic Research.
The device is high-tech. Its non-standard design provides many advantages. This invention, using two mirrors at the same time, is capable of creating images of the same object in different filters. And this reduces the time spent on observation by an order of magnitude.
BTA
This abbreviation refers to the largest optical telescope in the world of the azimuthal type in Eurasia. It is based on a monolithic mirror with a diameter of 6 m. What is most interesting is that its location is the Special Astrophysical Observatory, located in the North Caucasus (Karachay-Cherkess Republic).
At the moment, this institution is the largest astronomical center for ground-based observations of the Universe in our country.
It is worth noting that BTA from 1975 to 1993. was the telescope with the largest lens in the world. For those times it was truly an amazing invention. It outperformed the 200-inch Hale reflecting telescope! But then the Keck telescope started working, the mirror of which was 10 m in diameter. True, it turned out to be segmented, while the BTA was monolithic. The mirror of the Russian telescope is to this day the heaviest in the world in terms of mass. Like the astronomical dome of the observatory - the largest on the planet.
RATAN-600
In addition to the BTA, the North Caucasus Observatory also has a ring radio telescope. Its name is RATAN-600. And it is the most powerful radio astronomy telescope in the world. The diameter of its reflective mirror reaches 600 meters! This component ensures increased sensitivity of the telescope to brightness temperature and its multi-frequency.
True, the radio telescope was not created at all for observing celestial objects and studying them. This astronomical instrument is designed to receive radiation, the source of which is cosmic bodies. These signals allow scientists to find out the coordinates of the location of celestial objects, determine their spatial structure, polarization and spectrum, and radiation intensity.
Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Project
SKA is an interferometer, the construction of which was allocated one and a half billion euros. If it can be constructed, it will become 50 times more powerful astronomical instrument than any other radio telescopes on our planet.
The prospects for the invention are impressive. The SKA will be able to scan the sky at least 10,000 times faster than other similar but less powerful devices.
What about the location? Where will the world's largest radio astronomy telescope be located?
According to information about the project, the SKA antennas were supposed to cover an area of 1 sq. km. Such a scale would provide absolute, unprecedented sensitivity. But later it was decided to place the antennas in several places at once - in South Africa, Australia, and also in New Zealand. It is from there that the best view of the Milky Way and the entire Galaxy is provided. At the same time, the level of radio interference is lower.
It should be noted that already in 2016, in July, this largest optical telescope in the world officially began its work. More precisely, its part located in South Africa is MeerKAT. In its first operating session, this telescope discovered thousands of galaxies that were previously unknown.
Leader among refractors
Back in 1900, the World Astronomical Exhibition was held in Paris. An invention was designed specifically for the exhibition, which became the world's largest refracting telescope. His photo is shown above.
Refractors are optical telescopes familiar to all of us, modern versions of which are characterized by compactness. Their design is much simpler than that of the inventions listed above. Refractors use a lens system called an objective lens to collect light.
But the French invention is impressive in its size. The diameter of the lens reaches 59 inches (that's 125 centimeters), and the focal length is 57 meters.
Naturally, this device was practically not used as an astronomical instrument. But the spectacle was impressive. Unfortunately, in 1909 it was dismantled and dismantled.
This is because the company that sponsored the process of manufacturing this device (which took 14 years) went bankrupt. The company announced this immediately after the end of the exhibition. Therefore, in 1909, the invention was put up for auction. However, there was no buyer for such an extraordinary item, and it suffered the sad fate that has already been mentioned. So it is impossible to look through a telescope these days.
June 20th, 2014
The groundbreaking ceremony for the European Supergiant Telescope ESO E-ELT (European Extremely Large Telescope) took place today. The top of the 3,000-metre peak of Cerro Armazones was blown away by a massive explosion while preparing the site for the construction of the world's largest optical and infrared telescope.
The groundbreaking ceremony, held at the Paranal Observatory, 20 kilometers from the explosion site, was attended by many distinguished guests - from Chile, from ESO member countries, representatives of the local public, project management, and ESO itself. The event was broadcast on the Internet in real time. You can record it now.
The order to carry out the explosion was given by the Deputy Minister of National Heritage of Chile, Jorge Maldonado.
During the ceremony, the Chilean company ICAFAL Ingeniería y Construcción S.A. exploded the upper part of the Cerro Armazones mountain, removing about 5,000 cubic meters of rock. It was just part of the labor-intensive process of leveling the 150-by-300-meter mountaintop platform on which the giant 39-meter telescope tower will stand. In total, 220,000 cubic meters of stone will have to be removed from the summit.
Photo 2. 
Construction on Cerro Armazones began in March 2014 and is scheduled to last 16 months. The scope of work includes laying and maintaining an asphalt highway, building a platform on the top of the mountain and laying a communication trench there.
The start of observations on the E-ELT - “first light” - is planned for 2024. The telescope will solve the biggest astronomical problems of our time. The giant telescope will allow us to explore areas of the Universe that are still completely unknown to science. He will become “the greatest eye of mankind turned to heaven.”
The main component of the telescope will be a mirror the size of half a football field. With its help, scientists will be able to look even further into space. The explosion was carried out on the Cerro Armazones mountain in northern Chile. The European Southern Observatory broadcast the event live. Aprajita Verma, from the University of Oxford, said: “Based on the sheer size of the telescope, this is a major breakthrough. With its help it will be possible to see the Universe much better.”
Construction of the telescope is expected to take about 10 years. The E-ELT will be located in the Atacama Desert, near the Very Large Telescope. The location was chosen because of the prevailing weather conditions there - it is almost always clear throughout the year.
Also, due to the dry climate, there is practically no water vapor in the desert atmosphere, which complicates space exploration. One of the most difficult tasks will be the creation and installation of the telescope's main mirror with a diameter of 39 meters.
It will be built from 798 hexagonal mirrors measuring 1.4 m.
Thanks to this design, the telescope will be able to capture 15 times more light than any other telescope, and the images it produces will be 16 times clearer than even the orbiting Hubble Telescope.
According to Verma, thanks to the power of the telescope, scientists will be able to look into the most distant visible corners of the Universe - at the first stars and galaxies that formed immediately after the Big Bang.
“We'll see what happened when the universe came into being,” she said. She also added that with the help of a telescope it will be possible to better examine exoplanets (we have already discussed them in detail), that is, planets orbiting other stars. “We will be able to directly observe these planets, study their atmospheres and try to find signs of life,” Verma said. The project is expected to cost a billion euros and the observatory will be completed by 2024.
Photo 3. 
Extremely Large Telescopes are now considered one of the top priorities of ground-based astronomy. They will enormously advance astrophysical knowledge, allowing detailed research on a variety of current topics: planets around other stars, the earliest objects in the Universe, supermassive black holes, the nature and distribution of dark matter and dark energy that dominate the Universe.
Since late 2005, ESO, together with the European community of astronomers and astrophysicists - users of ESO telescopes - has been developing the concept of a new giant telescope, which will be operational by the middle of the next decade. Since 2006, more than a hundred astronomers from all European countries have been involved in the project, helping ESO develop an innovative concept in which technical parameters, costs, operating conditions and risks are carefully analyzed and assessed.
Photo 4. 
The new instrument is designated by the acronym E-ELT (European Extremely Large Telescope). This telescope, a revolutionary new design for ground-based instruments, will have a 39-meter primary mirror and will be the world's largest optical and near-infrared telescope: “humanity's greatest eye on the sky.”
The start of regular operation of the telescope is planned for the beginning of the next decade. The power of E-ELT will be harnessed to address the biggest scientific challenges of our time. He will do many things for the first time, such as finding the Holy Grail of modern observational astronomy: Earth-like planets around other stars, in “habitable zones” where life can exist. He will also conduct “stellar archaeology” in nearby galaxies, making fundamental contributions to cosmology by measuring the properties of the first stars and galaxies, determining the nature of dark matter and dark energy. And most importantly, astronomers are preparing for the unexpected - for new unforeseen questions, which, of course, will appear along with new discoveries made with E-ELT.
The modern generation of telescopes with mirrors measuring 8-10 meters has allowed astronomers to achieve tremendous success and open up whole new areas for future research. Thus, several years ago the first images of planets orbiting other stars were obtained. Our astronomical knowledge continues to expand at an incredible rate, giving rise to new questions, and the answers to them require new discoveries that we cannot yet imagine. In order to make such discoveries, it is necessary to significantly increase the sensitivity and resolution of telescopes. Therefore, astronomers are talking about creating extremely large telescopes - with mirrors ranging in size from 30 to 60 meters. With the help of such large mirrors, it is already possible to solve critical scientific problems, such as obtaining images of rocky exoplanets to study their atmospheres and directly measuring the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe.
In 2004, the board of the European Southern Observatory set its priority goal to "stabilize European astronomical leadership and excellence in the era of extremely large telescopes." Thus began work on the E-ELT project - the European Extremely Large Telescope. Two years later, the project was approved by ESO astronomers, and its detailed development began. Initially, the instrument was supposed to have a 100-meter mirror, but for a number of reasons it was decided to abandon this idea and make it “a little” smaller – 39 meters.
Still, this is a significant leap from the current generation of telescopes, the largest of which has a mirror with a diameter of 10 meters.
In the summer of 2012, the ESO Council approved the project to create the E-ELT. All 14 members (Brazil has not yet ratified the ESO membership treaty, so is not considered a full member and did not participate in the vote) supported the creation of the telescope, although representatives of four countries expressed a desire to receive full guarantees from their governments.
Photo 6. 
A little earlier, the ESO board selected Mount Armazones for the construction of the E-ELT. This peak is located adjacent to Paranal Peak, where a complex of four 8-meter VLT (Very Large Telescope) telescopes is located. From one mountain to another it is directly 20 kilometers. Both peaks are located in the Atacama Desert, one of the best places on Earth in terms of astroclimate. The Chilean government, recognizing the importance of the construction of this telescope, has made a donation of commitments to protect the peaks of Paranal and Armazones from adverse effects such as light interference with astronomical observations and mining activities.
Of course, in Chile there is such a problem as earthquakes. But this issue was studied long ago and thoroughly during the construction of the observatory on Paranal. The previous data was supplemented by three independent studies commissioned by ESO over the past few years.
Buildings on Paranal are resistant to even the strongest earthquakes, and for E-ELT all buildings will have the same strong degree of earthquake protection.
So, in the coming years in Chile, on Mount Armazones, a large telescope with a huge dome will appear: its tower will be larger in diameter than the Roman Colosseum. Construction work will start at the beginning of 2013.
Photo 7. 
The most important part of the E-ELT is its 39-meter mirror. It will not be solid, but composed of 798 segments - the diameter of each will be 1.4 meters. Adaptive optics methods will help compensate for atmospheric vibrations. To do this, more than six thousand drives will be able to change the shape of the telescope mirrors at a speed of a thousand operations per second.
There are many factors to consider when creating primary mirror segments. In addition, segments must be made in reserve, because some may be damaged during transportation. It is expected that the mirrors will be manufactured in factories located in ESO member countries.
In general, the money that ESO allocates for the creation of E-ELTs is primarily planned to be spent in ESO member countries by concluding production contracts. This “industrial” return of funds is an important component of the project, which is carefully calculated at each stage of its implementation.
Photo 8. 
There is also a plant in Russia, in Lytkarino near Moscow, which made mirrors for ESO telescopes. This organization theoretically has two options for participating in the creation of mirror segments for the E-ELT. The first is that Russia becomes a member of ESO. The second could arise if ESO member countries decide that they cannot manage on their own. In this case, a tender will be announced with the participation of factories that are located in countries that are not members of ESO: such healthy competition would only benefit everyone.
In general, Russian industry is impressive.
For example, in St. Petersburg, where the conference of the European Astronomical Society was held last year, there is an optical plant with good traditions ( Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Plant (LOMO)), who prepared optical-mechanical structures for the 6-meter BTA of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - note from Gazeta.Ru). The Russian astronomical community is also impressive - it is not for nothing that scientists from Russia are hired in large numbers by foreign institutions.
About 70 million euros per year were spent on design work. The total cost of the E-ELT will be 1.083 billion euros.
Photo 9. 
Why spend so much money?
Why does humanity spend such a huge amount of money on astronomical research? Astronomy contributes to our cultural and economic well-being: it is part of our culture and contributes to a better understanding of our fragile environment. Astronomers study key questions that excite our consciousness and our imagination.
How were the planets formed? Is life common in the universe? What was the impetus for the creation of the Universe? What are dark matter and dark energy?
By asking these questions, astronomers often spark interest in young people early in their careers in science education. Subsequently, they can apply their knowledge in a wide range of fields, working in various scientific and industrial organizations, and thus contribute to the creation of a balanced and future-oriented society.
Photo 10. 
In addition, observational astronomy is a modern high-tech field of science that is closely related to industry. This type of communication is essential for cutting-edge engineering challenges and benefits both parties. For example, E-ELT is an example of a high-tech science project. The creation of the E-ELT will require the use of many innovative advances, leading as a by-product to the development of new technologies, and, given the possibility of contracting, will provide European industry with a huge portfolio.
E-ELT will be the largest telescope in the world, observing in the visible and near-infrared ranges. This will be “the largest eye looking into the sky.”
The E-ELT is expected to last at least 30 years, a typical lifespan for such a large instrument. And it implies, as in the case of VLT, regular performance support and a special program for creating new tools. Note that one of ESO's observatories, La Silla, celebrates its 43rd anniversary in 2012.
Photo 11. 
It is also "stellar archaeology" in nearby galaxies and a fundamental contribution to cosmology by measuring the properties of the first stars and galaxies and elucidating the nature of dark matter and dark energy. The biggest success will be to encounter something unexpected - new and unexpected questions will certainly arise after observations made with the help of E-ELT.
Ultimately, E-ELT could revolutionize our perception of the universe, just as Galileo's telescope did 400-plus years ago.
It is planned that the telescope will see its first light at the turn of 2021/2022. Starting in October 2022, the telescope will begin regular observations. All data will be posted in a public archive one year after the observations.
Photo 12. 
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Photo 18. 
sources
http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/science/2014/06/140619_chile_mountain_telescope_blast.shtml
http://www.gazeta.ru/science/2012/10/03_a_4796117.shtml
https://www.eso.org/public/russia/teles-instr/e-elt/
And here’s some more interesting information about telescopes: for example, here’s what they’re needed for, and here’s. Let's also remember about The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy was made -(near the Paranal Observatory)
History of construction
Construction of the telescope, which will take 10-11 years, was planned to begin in 2012. The design cost is estimated at 57 million and the construction at 1.05 billion euros.
In December 2013, it became known that construction work would begin in March 2014 and would take approximately 16 months. During this period, an access road to the site of the future telescope tower will be built, a supporting platform will be prepared on the top of Mount Armasones, and trenches will be prepared for pipes and cables.
On June 20, 2014, the top of the rock in the place where the telescope tower should be was blown up. This prepares a support for a multi-ton instrument.
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Excerpt describing the European Extremely Large Telescope
“You see,” Berg said to his comrade, whom he called friend only because he knew that all people have friends. “You see, I figured it all out, and I wouldn’t have gotten married if I hadn’t thought it all through, and for some reason it would have been inconvenient.” But now, on the contrary, my father and mother are now provided for, I arranged this rent for them in the Baltic region, and I can live in St. Petersburg with my salary, with her condition and with my neatness. You can live well. I’m not marrying for money, I think it’s ignoble, but it’s necessary for the wife to bring hers, and the husband to bring his. I have a service - it has connections and small funds. This means something nowadays, doesn’t it? And most importantly, she is a wonderful, respectable girl and loves me...Berg blushed and smiled.
“And I love her because she has a reasonable character - very good.” Here’s her other sister - the same last name, but a completely different one, and an unpleasant character, and no intelligence, and such, you know?... Unpleasant... And my fiancee... You’ll come to us... - Berg continued, he wanted to say dinner, but changed his mind and said: “Drink tea,” and, quickly piercing it with his tongue, released a round, small ring of tobacco smoke, which completely personified his dreams of happiness.
Following the first feeling of bewilderment aroused in the parents by Berg’s proposal, the usual festivity and joy settled in the family, but the joy was not sincere, but external. Confusion and bashfulness were noticeable in the relatives' feelings regarding this wedding. It was as if they were now ashamed of the fact that they loved Vera little and were now so willing to sell her off. The old count was most embarrassed. He probably would not have been able to name what was the reason for his embarrassment, and this reason was his financial affairs. He absolutely did not know what he had, how much debt he had and what he would be able to give as a dowry to Vera. When the daughters were born, each was assigned 300 souls as a dowry; but one of these villages had already been sold, the other was mortgaged and was so overdue that it had to be sold, so it was impossible to give up the estate. There was no money either.
Berg had already been a groom for more than a month and only a week remained before the wedding, and the count had not yet resolved the issue of the dowry with himself and had not spoken about it with his wife. The count either wanted to separate Vera’s Ryazan estate, or wanted to sell the forest, or to borrow money against a bill of exchange. A few days before the wedding, Berg entered the count's office early in the morning and, with a pleasant smile, respectfully asked his future father-in-law to tell him what would be given to Countess Vera. The Count was so embarrassed by this long-anticipated question that he thoughtlessly said the first thing that came to his mind.
- I love that you took care, I love you, you will be satisfied...
And he, patting Berg on the shoulder, stood up, wanting to end the conversation. But Berg, smiling pleasantly, explained that if he did not know correctly what would be given for Vera, and did not receive in advance at least part of what was assigned to her, then he would be forced to refuse.
- Because think about it, Count, if I now allowed myself to get married without having certain means to support my wife, I would act basely...
The conversation ended with the count, wanting to be generous and not be subjected to new requests, saying that he was issuing a bill of 80 thousand. Berg smiled meekly, kissed the count on the shoulder and said that he was very grateful, but now he could not get settled in his new life without receiving 30 thousand in clear money. “At least 20 thousand, Count,” he added; - and the bill then was only 60 thousand.
“Yes, yes, okay,” the count began quickly, “just excuse me, my friend, I’ll give you 20 thousand, and in addition a bill for 80 thousand.” So, kiss me.
Natasha was 16 years old, and the year was 1809, the same year that four years ago she had counted on her fingers with Boris after she kissed him. Since then she has never seen Boris. In front of Sonya and with her mother, when the conversation turned to Boris, she spoke completely freely, as if it were a settled matter, that everything that happened before was childish, which was not worth talking about, and which had long been forgotten. But in the deepest depths of her soul, the question of whether the commitment to Boris was a joke or an important, binding promise tormented her.