European states in the 9th - 12th centuries presentation. Abstract and presentation for the history lesson "Western Europe in the 9th - 11th centuries" - Antonenkova A.V.

Objectives: - to introduce students to the development of Western Europe in the 9th - 11th centuries;
- introduce you to historical figures,
- ensure the assimilation of new terms and concepts;
- develop the ability to reason, speak out, and be able to listen to your friend;

Equipment: presentation, computer, sheets with tasks for checking homework;

During the classes.
1. Organizational start of the lesson.

2. Checking homework.
"True or false."

1. Karl got his nickname for his tall height (H)
2. During the years of his reign, Charles was unable to expand the territory of his state. (H)
3. Almost every year Charles, at the head of a large army, went on long campaigns (B)
4. Charles made 5 campaigns against the Saxons (H)
5. The Saxons had strong cavalry and good weapons (N)
6. In response to the Saxon uprising, Charles ordered the execution of 4.5 thousand people (B)
7. The local Saxon nobility did not maintain relations with Charles (N)
8. Karl failed to conquer the Avars (N)
9. In 900, Charles was proclaimed emperor. (H)
10. Title is an honorary or high rank (B)
11. Charlemagne enjoyed great influence not only within the state, but also outside it (B)
12. To control the activities of the counts, Charles sent “sovereign envoys” (B)
13. Karl almost completely excluded peasants from military service (B)
14. After the death of Charles, his empire was divided among his heirs (B)
15. 3 large kingdoms were created from a huge territory (B)
16. The organization of feudal classes is called the feudal ladder (B)
17.In France, vassals obeyed not only their lord, but also the king (N)
18. In France they said “The vassal of my vassal is my vassal” (N)
19. Commoners are people from a noble family (N)
20. A knight is a small feudal lord who no longer had vassals. (IN)

3. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.
(sl. 2)
.How the Holy Roman Empire was formed
.Who is King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table;
.Who are the Normans, what conquests they made and what states they created.
.Learn new concepts
(seq. 3) We work according to plan:
1. Weakness of royal power.
2. Formation of the Holy Roman Empire.
3. Legend and reality in the history of England.
4.Who are the Normans?
5.The struggle of the Anglo-Saxons with the Normans.
6. State of the Normans.

4. Studying new material.
1) teacher's story.
(f. 4) The power of the last kings of the Carolingian dynasty in France weakened significantly. Contemporaries gave the kings humiliating nicknames: Karl the Fat, Karl the Simple, Louis the Stutterer, Louis the Lazy.
(f. 5) At the end of the 10th century, the large feudal lords of France elected as king the rich and influential Count of Paris - Hugo Capet, who received this nickname because of his headdress - a hood).
(f. 6) The French kingdom consisted of 14 large possessions. Many feudal lords had more extensive lands than the king himself and considered him only the first among equals, and did not always obey his orders. The king owned only possession in the northeast of the country with the cities of Paris and Orleans. But a lot of lands did not belong to the king and he could not manage these territories.
- The king did not have power over the entire country, did not issue general laws, and could not collect taxes from the entire population. He had neither a standing army nor paid officials. (fn. 7) He ruled only with the help of his courtiers (noble gentlemen who were in the king’s court in his retinue).
(f. 8) In Germany, the power of the king was at first stronger than in France. Very often, Germany was attacked by the nomadic pastoral tribes of the Hungarians, who moved from the foothills of the Southern Urals to Europe and occupied the plain between the Danube and Tissa rivers.
(f. 9) The light cavalry of the Hungarians raided the countries of Western Europe and the Balkan Peninsula, broke through the Rhine and reached Paris. But Germany suffered most of all: the Hungarians ravaged and captured many of the inhabitants.
(f. 10) In 955, German and Czech troops led by the German king Otto I defeated the Hungarians in a battle in southern Germany. Soon the Hungarian invasion ceased, and they switched to a sedentary lifestyle.
Additional material.
King Otto was exactly 24 years old when he was elevated to the throne of the German state; he received the name in honor of his grandfather, who lived until the birth of his grandson (912). By the age of sixteen, in 929, he married Edith, the daughter of the Anglo-Saxon king Edward, since his father Henry 1 was concerned about maintaining connections with his fellow countrymen who had moved overseas. He learned to read only after the death of his wife, and the Saxon historian does not miss the opportunity to note that he was very capable of book wisdom: “He quickly began to read and understand what he read”; in addition, he knew how to communicate in Slavic and Romance languages. Otto had his father's appearance; His inclinations and qualities passed on to him from his father: he was just as passionate a hunter and just as sociable, but his aspirations were more lofty, he recognized himself as a kind of “porphyry-born” and looked at his royal calling deeply and seriously. It is not without reason that they say about him that he constantly fasted before those days when he needed to appear before the people with a crown on his head. The congress of princes, at which his election was to receive final sanction, was convened on Frankish territory, in Aachen. The magnificent circumstances in which this election took place indicate to what extent the royal power had time to establish itself: dukes, many of the nobility and many people were present at the election. After the princes, that is, the secular nobility, had raised and seated him on a throne erected in the hall connecting the palace with the cathedral, the Archbishop of Mainz introduced to the crowd gathered in the cathedral “chosen by God, once appointed by the powerful ruler Henry, now ruling over all the princes of King Otto …” “If this choice is to your heart, then raise your right hand to the sky,” the archbishop added. Then the coronation was performed by the archbishops of Mainz and Cologne; it was followed by confirmation. During the coronation feast, the king was served at the table by the following dukes: Giselbert of Lorraine, Eberhard of Franconia (brother of Conrad I), Hermann of Swabia, Arnulf of Bavaria, among whom the highest court positions were distributed at this celebration, to which everyone tried to attach as much importance as possible.
Death of Otto I

Otto celebrated Easter 973 in Quedlinburg with his family and a large gathering of counts, princes and bishops who had gathered on the occasion of the emperor’s arrival in the city. Shortly after this, on May 7, 973, Otto died at the age of 61.

(fn. 11) In 962, Otto I marched on Rome, and the pope proclaimed him emperor. In addition to Germany, part of Italy also came under his rule. So the Roman Empire was restored once again and became known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. The Emperor wanted to be considered the head of all rulers of Europe, but his real power was limited:

1) German princes achieved independence

2) the population of Italy did not stop fighting the invaders

Both Germany and Italy were also not unified states; they consisted of many independent counties. Duchies, baronies, etc. They had their own coats of arms, flags, main city, etc. Feudal fragmentation in these states existed throughout the Middle Ages.

(f. 12) In the Middle Ages, legends about King Arthur and his associates - the Knights of the Round Table - were widely known. the legendary leader of the Britons of the 5th-6th centuries, who defeated the Saxon conquerors; the central character of the British epic and numerous chivalric romances. Until now, historians have not found evidence of the historical existence of Arthur, although many admit the existence of his historical prototype.

According to legend, Arthur gathered the most valiant and noble knights of the Round Table at his court in Camelot. There are numerous legends and chivalric romances about the exploits of Arthur and his knights, mainly concerning the search for the Holy Grail and the rescue of beautiful ladies. The epic of King Arthur and his knights served as the basis for works of literature, painting, cinema and other forms of art.

(f. 13) Arthur is the son of King Uther Pendragon of Britain. Uther was inflamed with love for the beautiful Igraine, the wife of the old Duke of Tintagel Castle. To spend the night with her, the king asked the wizard Merlin to give him the appearance of the Duke of Tintagel. As payment, Merlin demanded that the baby be given to him to raise when he was born. Merlin cast a spell on the boy, giving him strength and courage. Then the sorcerer gave Arthur to be raised by the old knight Sir Ector. A few years later, Uther was poisoned by those close to him, and the country plunged into anarchy and civil strife.

Twenty years later, Merlin and the Bishop of Canterbury in London presented to the assembled knights a sword stuck in a stone, on which was the inscription: “Whoever pulls this sword out from under the anvil is, by right of birth, king over all the land of England.” None of the kings and barons was able to draw the sword. It was accidentally taken out by young Arthur, who was looking for a sword for his adopted older brother, Sir Kay. Merlin revealed to the young man the secret of his origin and proclaimed Arthur king. However, the rulers of the appanage kingdoms, aiming for the throne of Uther, refused to recognize him and went to war against young Arthur. Calling upon the overseas kings-commanders Ban and Bors for help, Arthur defended his throne and began to rule.

Arthur made the city of Camelot his capital and gathered the best knights of the Earth at one table. To prevent discord between them over high and low places, Merlin gave the king the Round Table. Arthur married the beautiful Guinevere, daughter of King Lodegrance, but their marriage was childless.

After the Sword-of-Stone broke in Arthur's duel with Sir Pellinore, Merlin promised the young king a new miracle sword. It was forged by the elves of Lake Vatelin, and the Lady of the Lake handed the sword to Arthur with the condition: to draw it only in the name of a just cause and return it to her when the time comes. The sword, called Excalibur, struck without a miss, and its scabbard protected better than any armor.

Having learned about the unrest in Britain, Arthur returned from across the sea. The troops of the king and the impostor met on the Kammlan field for negotiations. But during the meeting, the snake bit one of the knights, and he pulled out his sword, which became a signal for both sides to attack. In the great battle that broke out in Cammlan, the entire army of Britain died. The traitor Mordred fell, pierced by Arthur's spear, but he himself mortally wounded his father.

The dying king asked Sir Bedivere to return the sword Excalibur to the Lady of the Lake. Then he himself was taken on a boat by sad ladies led by Morgana's younger sister, Morgiatta (in other versions of the legend - Morgana herself, who repented of her misdeeds) - to the island of Avalon. According to legend (similar to the prophecy of the Second Coming), Arthur slumbers on Avalon, awaiting the day of great need when he will rise from his sleep to save Britain.

(f. 14) According to legend, Arthur gathered the most valiant and noble knights of the Round Table at his court in Camelot. There are numerous legends and chivalric romances about the exploits of Arthur and his knights, mainly concerning the search for the Holy Grail and the rescue of beautiful ladies. The epic of King Arthur and his knights served as the basis for works of literature, painting, cinema and other forms of art.

(page 15) Round table - during negotiations and meetings it meant the equality and dignity of each participant in the meeting

(fn. 16) Arthur was probably the leader of the Britons - the ancient inhabitants of the island and led the resistance against the invasion of Britain by the Angles and Saxons. For about 200 years the Britons fought for their freedom, but were exterminated, partially turned into dependent people, and partially resettled.

2) work according to the textbook:

(page 17) Page 39 - 42

3) teacher's story:

(fn. 18) The fight of the Anglo-Saxons against the Danes was led by King Alfred the Great. At first he was defeated by the Danes and hid in the forest. Gathering a cavalry army, he built fortresses, built a navy and managed to stop the onslaught of the Danes.

4) independent work:

Page 43 - 44 - “State of the Normans”

What states were formed in the Scandinavian countries in the 9th -11th centuries?

Where and when was the Norman Duchy formed?

What did the Normans do?

5. Summing up the lesson.

Questions on page 44.

6. Homework:

Paragraph 4, questions, creative task - a story on behalf of the people who were attacked by the Normans.

Related educational materials:

Lesson topic: Feudal fragmentation of Western Europe in the 21st centuries

Plan for studying a new topic: 1. Feudal fragmentation of Western Europe and internecine wars; 2. Feudal staircase; 3. Formation of the Holy Roman Empire

Remember, what did the military reform of Charles Martell change in Frankish society?

Fiefs - land holdings that were paid to mounted warriors for service and could be inherited. Feudal lord - owner of land

Feudal fragmentation - a period of weakening of central power in a feudal state, due to the strengthening of large feudal lords, where new smaller territorial entities lead an almost independent existence.

Reasons for feudal fragmentation: 1) Weakness of royal power; 2) Independence of the feudal lords

Wars between feudal lords of the same state were called INTERNATIONAL

Senior (senior) Vassal (subordinate)

Feudal ladder (Art. 63 textbook)

"My vassal's vassal is not my vassal"

In the 10th century, the feudal lords of France elected the wealthy Count Hugh Capet (Capetian dynasty) as king.

The king owned the domain (domain):
Paris, Orleans. The remaining possessions belonged to rebellious vassals

German King Otto I

Defeated the Hungarians;
In 962 he conquered part of Italy;
Became Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation

Homework: paragraph 4, prepare messages on one of the topics: “Ships of the Normans”, “Geographical discoveries of the Normans”, “Life and occupations of the Normans in the 8th-9th centuries”

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Abstract for the presentation

The presentation "Western Europe in the 9th-11th centuries" covers the period of the struggle of the Anglo-Saxons with the Normans, the legend of King Arthur, the formation of the Holy Roman Empire and the state of the Normans. The decline in the authority of the French kings among their subjects is also considered.

Weakness of royal power;
Formation of the Holy Roman Empire;
The struggle of the Anglo-Saxons with the Normans;
State of the Normans.

Format

pptx (powerpoint)

Number of slides

Antonenkova A.V.

Audience

Words

Abstract

Present

Purpose

To conduct a lesson by a teacher

Slide 1

Slide 2

Today you will find out

Get to know new concepts.

Slide 3

We are working according to plan

Weakness of royal power.
Who are the Normans?
State of the Normans.

Slide 4

The weakness of royal power in France

Karl Tolstoy
Karl Rustic
Ludovic the Stutterer
Louis the Lazy

The power of the last kings of the Carolingian dynasty in France weakened significantly. Contemporaries gave the Kings derogatory nicknames.

Slide 5

At the end of the 10th century, the large feudal lords of France elected as king the rich and influential Count of Paris - Hugo Capet, who received this nickname because of his headdress - a hood)

Hugo Capet

Slide 6

Slide 7

Let's write down the definition

Courtiers are noble gentlemen who were in the king’s court in his retinue.

Slide 8

Formation of the Holy Roman Empire

Very often, Germany was attacked by nomadic-pastoral tribes of the Hungarians, who moved from the foothills of the Southern Urals to Europe and occupied the plain between the Danube and Tissa rivers.

Slide 9

The light cavalry of the Hungarians raided the countries of Western Europe and the Balkan Peninsula, broke through the Rhine and reached Paris.

Slide 10

Otto I

Slide 11

Formation of the Holy Roman Empire, 10th century

In 962, Otto I marched on Rome, and the pope proclaimed him emperor. In addition to Germany, part of Italy also came under his rule. So the Roman Empire was restored once again and became known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation.

Slide 12

Legend and reality in the history of England

In the Middle Ages, legends about King Arthur and his associates - the Knights of the Round Table - were widely known.

King Arthur and the knightsRound table.

Slide 13

Arthur received Excalibur from the Lady of the Lake
Merlin kidnaps Arthur

Slide 14

King Arthur

Slide 15

Let's write down the definition

Round table - during negotiations and meetings, it meant the equality and dignity of each participant in the meeting.

Slide 16

Legend and reality in the history of England

Slide 17

Who are the Normans?

Reconstruction of a Viking battle

Slide 18

The fight between the Anglo-Saxons and the Normans

Slide 19

Norman states

At the beginning of the 10th century, one of the Norman detachments managed to gain a foothold in northern France. The territory they occupied became known as Normandy.

Coat of arms of Normandy

Slide 20

States of the Normans.

Soon people from Normandy began to sail to the Mediterranean Sea. The leaders of the Normans, having conquered the southern part of Italy and Sicily, united them into a single Sicilian kingdom.

Siciliankingdom

Slide 21

Let's summarize the lesson

Questions on page 44

Slide 22

Homework

Paragraph 4, questions, creative task - a story on behalf of the people who were attacked by the Normans.

Slide 23

Resources used in the work

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Abstract

A lesson on the history of the Middle Ages in 6th grade on the topic: “Western Europe in the 9th – 11th centuries.”

Goals:

introduce students to the development of Western Europe in the 9th – 11th centuries;
introduce you to historical figures,
ensure the assimilation of new terms and concepts;
develop the ability to reason, speak out, and be able to listen to your friend;

Equipment: presentation, computer, sheets with tasks for checking homework;

During the classes.

Organizational start of the lesson.
Checking homework.

"True or false."

Karl got his nickname for his tall height (N)
During the years of his reign, Charles was unable to expand the territory of his state. (H)
Almost every year, Charles, at the head of a large army, went on long campaigns (B)
Charles made 5 campaigns against the Saxons (N)
The Saxons had strong cavalry and good weapons (N)
In response to the Saxon uprising, Charles ordered the execution of 4.5 thousand people (B)
The local Saxon nobility did not maintain relations with Charles (N)
Karl failed to conquer the Avars (N)
In 900, Charles was proclaimed emperor. (H)
Title is an honorary or high rank (B)
Charlemagne enjoyed great influence not only within the state, but also outside it (B)
To control the activities of the counts, Charles sent “sovereign envoys” (B)
Karl almost completely excluded peasants from military service (B)
After Charles's death, his empire was divided among his heirs (B)
From the vast territory 3 large kingdoms were created (B)
The organization of the feudal classes is called the feudal ladder (B)
In France, vassals obeyed not only their lord, but also the king (N)
In France they said “The vassal of my vassal is my vassal” (N)
Commoners are people from a noble family (N)
A knight is a petty feudal lord who no longer had vassals. (IN)

3. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.

(sl. 2)

How the Holy Roman Empire was formed
Who is King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table;
Who were the Normans, what conquests they made and what states they created.
Get to know new concepts

(seq. 3) We work according to plan:

Weakness of royal power.
Formation of the Holy Roman Empire.
Legend and reality in the history of England.
Who are the Normans?
The struggle of the Anglo-Saxons with the Normans.
State of the Normans.

4. Studying new material.

1) teacher's story.

(sl. 4) The power of the last kings of the Carolingian dynasty in France weakened significantly. Contemporaries gave the kings humiliating nicknames: Karl the Fat, Karl the Simple, Louis the Stutterer, Louis the Lazy.

(sl. 5) At the end of the 10th century, the large feudal lords of France elected as king the rich and influential Count of Paris - Hugo Capet, who received this nickname because of his headdress - a hood).

(sl. 6) The French kingdom consisted of 14 large possessions. Many feudal lords had more extensive lands than the king himself and considered him only the first among equals, and did not always obey his orders. The king owned only possession in the northeast of the country with the cities of Paris and Orleans. But a lot of lands did not belong to the king and he could not manage these territories.

The king did not have power over the entire country, did not issue general laws, and could not collect taxes from the entire population. He had neither a standing army nor paid officials . (sl. 7) He ruled only with the help of his courtiers (noble gentlemen who were in the king’s court in his retinue).

(sl. 8) In Germany, the power of the king was at first stronger than in France. Very often, Germany was attacked by nomadic - pastoral tribes of the Hungarians, who moved from the foothills of the Southern Urals to Europe and occupied the plain between the Danube and Tissa rivers .

(sl. 9) The light cavalry of the Hungarians raided the countries of Western Europe and the Balkan Peninsula, broke through the Rhine and reached Paris. But Germany suffered most of all: the Hungarians ravaged and captured many of the inhabitants.

(page 10) In 955, German and Czech troops led by the German king Otto I defeated the Hungarians in a battle in southern Germany. Soon the Hungarian invasion ceased, and they switched to a sedentary lifestyle.

Additional material.

King Otto was exactly 24 years old when he was elevated to the throne of the German state; he received the name in honor of his grandfather, who lived until the birth of his grandson (912). By the age of sixteen, in 929, he married Edith, the daughter of the Anglo-Saxon king Edward, since his father Henry 1 was concerned about maintaining connections with his fellow countrymen who had moved overseas. He learned to read only after the death of his wife, and the Saxon historian does not miss the opportunity to note that he was very capable of book wisdom: “He quickly began to read and understand what he read”; in addition, he knew how to communicate in Slavic and Romance languages. Otto had his father's appearance; His inclinations and qualities passed on to him from his father: he was just as passionate a hunter and just as sociable, but his aspirations were more lofty, he recognized himself as a kind of “porphyry-born” and looked at his royal calling deeply and seriously. It is not without reason that they say about him that he constantly fasted before those days when he needed to appear before the people with a crown on his head. The congress of princes, at which his election was to receive final sanction, was convened on Frankish territory, in Aachen. The magnificent circumstances in which this election took place indicate to what extent the royal power had time to establish itself: dukes, many of the nobility and many people were present at the election. After the princes, that is, the secular nobility, had raised and seated him on a throne erected in the hall connecting the palace with the cathedral, the Archbishop of Mainz introduced to the crowd gathered in the cathedral “chosen by God, once appointed by the powerful ruler Henry, now ruling over all the princes of King Otto …” “If this choice is to your heart, then raise your right hand to the sky,” the archbishop added. Then the coronation was performed by the archbishops of Mainz and Cologne; it was followed by confirmation. During the coronation feast, the king was served at the table by the following dukes: Giselbert of Lorraine, Eberhard of Franconia (brother of Conrad I), Hermann of Swabia, Arnulf of Bavaria, among whom the highest court positions were distributed at this celebration, to which everyone tried to attach as much importance as possible.

Death of Otto I

(sl. 11) In 962, Otto I marched on Rome, and the pope proclaimed him emperor. In addition to Germany, part of Italy also came under his rule. So the Roman Empire was restored once again and became known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. The Emperor wanted to be considered the head of all rulers of Europe, but his real power was limited:

German princes achieved independence
the population of Italy did not stop fighting the invaders

(sl. 12) In the Middle Ages, legends about King Arthur and his associates - the Knights of the Round Table - were widely known. the legendary leader of the Britons of the 5th-6th centuries, who defeated the Saxon conquerors; the central character of the British epic and numerous chivalric romances. Until now, historians have not found evidence of the historical existence of Arthur, although many admit the existence of his historical prototype.

(sl. 13) Arthur- son of King Uther Pendragon of Britain. Uther was inflamed with love for the beautiful Igraine, the wife of the old Duke of Tintagel Castle. To spend the night with her, the king asked the wizard Merlin to give him the appearance of the Duke of Tintagel. As payment, Merlin demanded that the baby be given to him to raise when he was born. Merlin cast a spell on the boy, giving him strength and courage. Then the sorcerer gave Arthur to be raised by the old knight Sir Ector. A few years later, Uther was poisoned by those close to him, and the country plunged into anarchy and civil strife.

Twenty years later, Merlin and the Bishop of Canterbury in London presented to the assembled knights a sword stuck into a stone, on which was the inscription: “Whoever pulls this sword out from under the anvil is, by right of birth, king over all the land of England.” None of the kings and barons was able to draw the sword. It was accidentally taken out by young Arthur, who was looking for a sword for his named older brother, Sir Kay. Merlin revealed to the young man the secret of his origin and proclaimed Arthur king. However, the rulers of the appanage kingdoms, aiming for the throne of Uther, refused to recognize him and went to war against young Arthur. Calling upon the overseas kings-commanders Ban and Bors for help, Arthur defended his throne and began to rule.

(sl. 14) According to legend, Arthur gathered the most valiant and noble knights of the Round Table at his court in Camelot. There are numerous legends and chivalric romances about the exploits of Arthur and his knights, mainly concerning the search for the Holy Grail and the rescue of beautiful ladies. The epic of King Arthur and his knights served as the basis for works of literature, painting, cinema and other forms of art.

(sl. 15) Round table – during negotiations and meetings meant the equality and dignity of each participant in the meeting

(sl. 16) Arthur was probably the leader of the Britons, the ancient inhabitants of the island, and led the resistance against the invasion of Britain by the Angles and Saxons. For about 200 years the Britons fought for their freedom, but were exterminated, partially turned into dependent people, and partially resettled.

2) work according to the textbook:

(page 17) Page 39 - 42

3) teacher's story:

(sl. 18) The fight of the Anglo-Saxons against the Danes was led by King Alfred the Great. At first he was defeated by the Danes and hid in the forest. Gathering a cavalry army, he built fortresses, built a navy and managed to stop the onslaught of the Danes.

4) independent work:

(sl. 19 - 20)

Page 43 – 44 – “State of the Normans”

What states were formed in the Scandinavian countries in the 9th -11th centuries?
Where and when was the Norman Duchy formed?
What did the Normans do?

5. Summing up the lesson.

Questions on page 44.

6. Homework:

Paragraph 4, questions, creative task - a story on behalf of the people who were attacked by the Normans.

Lesson on the history of the Middle Ages in 6th grade

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Slide captions:

Lesson topic: Feudal fragmentation of Western Europe in the 121st centuries

Plan for studying a new topic: 1. Feudal fragmentation of Western Europe and internecine wars; 2. Feudal ladder; 3. Formation of the Holy Roman Empire

Remember what the military reform of Charles Martell changed in Frankish society?

Fiefs are land holdings that were paid to mounted warriors for service and could be inherited. Feudal lord - owner of land

In 843, in Verdun, the grandchildren of Charlemagne divided the empire into 3 parts

Feudal fragmentation is a period of weakening of central power in a feudal state, caused by the strengthening of large feudal lords, where new smaller territorial entities lead an almost independent existence.

What do you think are the reasons for feudal fragmentation?

Reasons for feudal fragmentation: 1) Weakness of royal power; 2) Independence of the feudal lords

Europe in VIII - beginning. 9th centuries

Europe at the end of the 9th century

Wars between feudal lords of one state were called INTERNAL

Senior (senior) Vassal (subordinate)

Feudal ladder (Art. 63 textbook) “The vassal of my vassal is not my vassal”

In the 10th century, the feudal lords of France elected the wealthy Count Hugo Capet (Capetian dynasty) as king. The king owned the domain (domain): Paris, Orleans. The remaining possessions belonged to rebellious vassals

The German king Otto I defeated the Hungarians; In 962 he conquered part of Italy; Became Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation

Homework: paragraph 4, questions after paragraph

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