Emotional personality traits list. Positive and negative qualities of a person

We can safely call every person unique to one degree or another. What makes him such? It’s all very simple, a combination of external data and character traits with the help of which a person appears before you in his usual state. The list of qualities can be continued ad infinitum; they provide a person’s individuality, allowing him to be different from other people. In fact, it is not so easy to take and count the number of characteristic traits that a particular person possesses. Is it necessary to consider only good qualities? Maybe we should put bad characteristics at the forefront? It is very important to adequately characterize a person, give him an assessment and understand at the same time that a person cannot have only a good set of qualities or only a bad one.

List of human qualities

Why make all these lists and lists at all? Psychologists say that thanks to all these lists it is possible to conduct an analysis and highlight a number of aspects. When compiling a list of the qualities of another person, we ourselves will, in one way or another, strive to analyze ourselves, although this happens completely unconsciously, but still. Can be found weak spots and turn them into strong ones, gradually get rid of shortcomings and continue to confidently work on yourself.

Positive character traits

It is impossible to list all the advantages, there are a lot of them. In fact, more than you might imagine. Some characteristics allow you to interact with people, while others allow you to do a great job when asked by your boss at work. Let us outline a number of key positive qualities of a person:

kindness. This quality lives in each of us, but in modern society there is a stereotype that this is not what you can meet kind person. The problem is the crazy pace of life, which dictates its own conditions and quite often locks a person into a framework. Look around, what do you see? There are only egocentrics around who believe that the world should revolve only around them. But you can always find this quality in yourself and try to develop it;
sense of humor. One great classic called the quality called "cheerfulness" outstanding. Its peculiarity is that a person can lift the mood of people who are nearby, relieving them of depressing thoughts. It’s nice to be in the same room with such people, they charge you with positivity and set the right mood in life, which allows you to just enjoy life without paying attention to what’s happening around you;
determination. Thanks to this quality you can feel independent person, because many people associate determination with a lack of fear;
determination. It is important to set a goal and confidently move towards achieving it, so the owners of this quality can safely be called lucky;
feeling of compassion. This quality is valued in our time, because if a person knows how to empathize and support a loved one in Hard time, he alleviates his suffering to a large extent and separates his problems;
politeness. This character trait in the eyes of others represents a person as tactful, balanced and not prone to conflict. It is very important to always maintain composure and look dignified;
communication skills. If a person knows how to quickly establish contacts and make friends, then he is a sociable person who will achieve a lot in life and go far;
punctuality. In a world where everyone is late and doesn't follow orders, this quality allows you to stand out from the crowd. Such people know how to plan their time, they value in people the ability to do everything on time and follow the rules;
self-criticism. Each of us must adequately assess the situation and be able to laugh at ourselves. This characterizes you as a strong and confident person who is not afraid to admit her mistake and say publicly that she did something wrong;
modesty. A person who does not exalt himself and does not put himself above everyone else looks decent. And this is even despite the fact that he has something to brag about and stand out from the crowd. It’s always nice to communicate with people who have achieved a lot and at the same time do not try to talk about themselves at every turn;
confidence. A quality that every person strives for. After all, it is so important to be 100% sure that you are doing everything right. Such people are not afraid to express their opinions publicly; they know how to manage emotions and make the only right decision in stressful situations.

Negative human character traits

IN at different ages a person is capable of exhibiting, along with positive qualities, also bad ones, which characterize him from the other side. Why do these qualities arise?

The parents could have made mistakes in raising the child, or the person has always shown a tendency towards unseemly behavior. Despite this. Even bad heredity can and should be fought; now we will look at a number of negative qualities human character:

hot temper. Usually people who have this quality do not know how to control their emotions, they are unrestrained and cause problems to everyone around them. You must try to restrain your emotional manifestations, fulfill the promises made;
envy. It is not for nothing that this quality is called one of the worst character traits that harms the development of a person as an individual. Someone is more beautiful, richer, smarter - which means that the person is definitely worth envying, and some people even try to do everything possible to poison the life of the object of their envy. You should not pay attention to the successes of other people, you need to confidently work on yourself;
arrogance. It is very difficult to contact such people Everyday life, they consider themselves better than others and never tire of repeating this. If you don’t stop in time and try to get rid of arrogance, your family and friends may turn away from you forever;
selfishness. Such persons are doomed to die in splendid isolation, and all because they think only about themselves and care exclusively about themselves. Sooner or later, friends and relatives will turn away from you, who are simply tired of constantly taking care of you;
arrogance. Such persons are always looked down upon and therefore no one likes them. If you do not stop behaving arrogantly and live in splendid isolation, without friends and girlfriends, without support from others;
hypocrisy. A person who says one thing to his face and another behind his back will sooner or later compromise himself with something, and then a scandal will definitely not be avoided. It is necessary to make every effort to eradicate this bad quality in yourself;
pessimism. Often such people complain to others about life, they are constantly dissatisfied with something, and the nerves of those around them lose their nerve very quickly. No one will like the fact that they are always telling you their problems and trying to blame the whole world for your failures. Remember one thing very much important rule: if you initially set yourself up for failure, be prepared for the fact that it will stay with you for a long time;
laziness. Nobody likes lazy people, and definitely no one will work for you either. After all, such a person will definitely find a million excuses for doing nothing. If you don't stop everything free time spend time on the couch and remain an unsuccessful person who will achieve nothing in life;
impudence. Achieving a goal for such people will not be difficult; you can always go over your head, not paying attention to other people’s principles and ambitions. Nobody likes arrogant people, and everyone around them treats them with characteristic aggressiveness;
infantilism. It is very convenient in our society to be a capricious, spoiled person who shows his immaturity in making even the most banal decisions. People around them avoid such people so that once again did not have to solve their problems;
cruelty. One of the worst human qualities, because such people are capable of any actions and deeds. It all starts in childhood, when a child deliberately tortures an animal, then teases classmates and mature age behaves cruelly towards work colleagues.

Everyone has the right to decide for themselves which qualities to develop in themselves and which ones need to be eradicated as soon as possible. One thing is clear, if you stand still and take absolutely no action, your unpleasant baggage will remain with you personal qualities and characteristics. You need to work on yourself every day, because depending on the circumstances, certain characteristics appear and it is not always possible to control them in moments of overwhelming emotions. On the other hand, you should definitely make every effort if you realize that you are behaving incorrectly. Positive features character should be developed, negative ones should be actively fought - it’s all very simple. If you don't like something, you can always correct it or fix it altogether. You cannot characterize a person as “bad” or “good” or give him some other assessment, because everything in this world is relative. A person who is engaged in self-development will never be guided by someone else’s opinion and consider it the only correct one. Remember that everything in this life depends only on you and the decisions you make. There are bad and good qualities in each of us, but we have the right to dose them, revealing the facets of our character every day from a new side.

Studying character traits a certain person, it is possible to identify what qualities characterize a person. Their manifestation is based on the influence individual experience, knowledge, abilities and capabilities of people. List biological features includes innate characteristics of a person. Other personality qualities are acquired as a result of life activity:

Sociality

Means irreducibility to individuals, biological characteristics people, rich in socio-cultural content.

Uniqueness

Uniqueness and originality of the inner world individual, his independence and inability to be attributed to one or another social or psychological type.

Transcendence

Willingness to go beyond one’s “limits”, constant self-improvement as a way of being, belief in the possibility of development and overcoming external and internal obstacles on the way to one’s goal and, as a consequence, incompleteness, inconsistency and problematic nature.

Integrity and subjectivity

Internal unity and identity (equality with oneself) in any life situations.

Activity and subjectivity

The ability to change oneself and the conditions of one’s existence, independence from environmental conditions, the ability to be a source own activity, the reason for actions and recognition of responsibility for the deeds committed.

Moral

The basis of interaction with the outside world, the willingness to treat other people as highest value, equivalent to one’s own, and not as a means of achieving goals.

List of qualities

Personality structure includes temperament, strong-willed qualities, abilities, character, emotions, social attitudes and motivation. And also separately the following qualities:

Independence;
Intellectual self-improvement;
Communication skills;
Kindness;
Hard work;
Honesty;
Determination;
Responsibility;
Respect;
Confidence;
Discipline;
Humanity;
Mercy;
Curiosity;
Objectivity.

A person’s personal qualities consist of internal perception and external manifestations. External manifestation includes a list of indicators:

innate or acquired artistry;
attractive appearance and sense of style;
abilities and clear pronunciation speeches;
competent and sophisticated approach to .

The main qualities of a person (her inner world) can be classified according to a number of characteristics:

a comprehensive assessment of the situation and the absence of conflicting perceptions of information;
an inherent love for people;
open-minded thinking;
positive form of perception;
wise judgment.

The level of these indicators determines individual characteristics being studied.

Structure of individual qualities

For more precise definition qualities of a person’s personality, it should be highlighted biological structure. It consists of 4 levels:

Temperament, which includes characteristics of genetic predisposition (nervous system).
Degree of unique mental processes, allowing you to determine personal qualities person. The result is influenced by the level of individual perception, imagination, manifestation volitional signs, feelings and attention.
The experiences of people, characterized by knowledge, abilities, capabilities and habits.
Indicators of social orientation, including the subject’s attitude towards external environment a habitat. The development of personal qualities acts as a guiding and regulating factor of behavior - interests and views, beliefs and attitudes (state of consciousness based on previous experience, regulatory attitude and), moral norms.

Traits of people that characterize their temperament

Innate personality qualities shape him as social creature. Behavioral factors, type of activity and social circle are taken into account. The category is divided into 4 concepts: sanguine, melancholic, choleric and phlegmatic.

Sanguine - easily adapts to new environment habitat and overcoming obstacles. Sociability, responsiveness, openness, cheerfulness and leadership are the main personality traits.
Melancholic – weak and sedentary. Under the influence of strong stimuli, behavioral disturbances occur, manifested by a passive attitude towards any activity. Withdrawal, pessimism, anxiety, reasoning and touchiness - character traits melancholic.
Cholerics are strong, unbalanced, energetic personality traits. They are quick-tempered and unrestrained. Touchiness, impulsiveness, emotionality and instability are clear indicators of a restless temperament.
A phlegmatic person is a balanced, inert and slow person, not prone to change. Personal indicators are easy to overcome negative factors. Reliability, goodwill, peacefulness and prudence are the hallmarks of calm people.

Individual character traits

Character is a set of traits of an individual that are manifested in different types activities, communication and relationships with people. The development of personal qualities is formed against the background of life processes and the type of activity of people. For more accurate assessment character of people should be studied in detail behavioral factors in specific circumstances.

Types of character:

cycloid – mood swings;
hyperthymic accentuation consists of high activity and failure to complete tasks;
asthenic – capricious and depressive personal qualities;
sensitive – timid personality;
hysterical - the makings of leadership and vanity;
dysthymic – focused on negative side current events.

Individual abilities of people

Individual psychological qualities individuals contribute to the achievement of success and excellence in certain activities. They are determined by the social and historical practice of the individual, the results of the interactions of biological and mental indicators.

Exist different levels abilities:

giftedness;
talent;
genius.

The development of the algorithm of personal qualities and abilities of people is characterized by the ability to learn new things in the mental sphere. Special Features manifest themselves in a specific type of activity (musical, artistic, pedagogical, etc.).

Strong-willed traits of people

Adjustment behavioral factors associated with overcoming internal and external discomfort, allows you to determine personal qualities: the level of effort and plans for taking actions, concentration in a given direction. Will manifests itself in the following properties:

– level of effort to achieve the desired result;
perseverance – the ability to mobilize to overcome troubles;
endurance - the ability to limit feelings, thinking and actions.

Courage, self-control, commitment - personal qualities strong-willed people. They are classified into simple and complex acts. IN simple case incentives to action flow into its implementation automatically. Complex acts are carried out on the basis of drawing up a plan and taking into account the consequences.

Human feelings

People's persistent attitudes towards real or imaginary objects arise and are formed on the basis of the cultural and historical level. Only the ways of their manifestation change, based on historical eras. individual.

Personal motivation

Motives and incentives that contribute to the activation of actions are formed from. Stimulating personality traits can be conscious or unconscious.

They appear as:

desire for success;
avoiding trouble;
gaining power, etc.

How do personality traits manifest themselves and how to recognize them?

The personal qualities of an individual are determined by analyzing behavioral factors:

self-esteem. manifest themselves in relation to themselves: modest or confident, arrogant and self-critical, decisive and brave, people with high level self-control or lack of will;
assessment of the individual's attitude to society. Distinguish different degrees relationships of the subject with representatives of society: honest and fair, sociable and polite, tactful, rude, etc.;
a unique personality is determined by the level of interests in the labor, educational, sports or creative spheres;
clarification of a person’s position in society occurs in close connection with opinions about him;
when studying psychological factors, Special attention attention is paid to memory, thinking and attention, which characterize the development of personal qualities;
Observing the emotional perception of situations allows us to assess the individual’s reaction when solving problems or its absence;
measuring the level of responsibility. The main qualities of a serious personality are manifested in labor activity in the form of a creative approach, entrepreneurship, initiative and bringing the matter to the desired result.

A review of the individual properties of people helps to create an overall picture of behavior in professional and social sphere. The concept of “personality” is a person with individual properties conditioned by the social environment. These include personal characteristics: intelligence, emotions and will.

Grouping of features that contribute to personality recognition:

subjects who are aware of the presence of their inherent social traits;
people taking part in the social and cultural life of society;
personal qualities and character of a person are easy to determine in social interconnection through communication and the labor sphere;
individuals who are clearly aware of their uniqueness and significance in the public.

Personal and professional quality of a person are manifested in the formation of worldview and internal perception. An individual always asks philosophical questions about life and his significance in society. He has his own ideas, views and life positions, affecting

The moral qualities of a person are a combination of his internal foundations, values and worldview, which determine his self-sufficient personality. These characteristics inherent in every person are expressed externally through actions, actions and attitudes towards everything that surrounds a person in this world. Society accepts everyone based on their moral qualities, evaluating them based on specific criteria.

Types of moral qualities:

"allowed";
"forbidden";
"necessary".

The “allowed” type includes those qualities of a person that are characterized by the correspondence of his internal foundations and rules with certain norms of behavior and attitude towards the individual. Such moral norms, approved and encouraged by society, are even reflected in many laws of various states. This type of moral qualities includes: conscience, dignity, honor, justice.

The “forbidden” type is characterized by a negative and, in many cases, negative reaction of society to the behavior of an individual or group of individuals. Society does not accept such behavior because it is dangerous for everyone: both the individual and society. Violation of such orders and rules is subject to certain restrictions and even imprisonment specified in the laws of the countries. Negative characteristics personalities are: deception, anger, envy, arrogance.

The “necessary” type includes moral traits, not corresponding internal rules a person, but which force him to act in some special way, highly valued by society. Sometimes it happens that some moral principles in society force a person to act contrary to them, which leads to condemnation of his actions or punishment for such actions. This type includes such qualities as responsibility, accuracy, duty.

Basic moral qualities of a person

Each person in life has to fulfill his moral choice: to do something good or do something wrong, but achieve some result. This constant struggle public values with inner world each individual. All the most basic moral qualities are laid down in a person from birth, when he begins to understand and feel the attitude of his parents, then friends, peers and educators, teachers, when watching films, reading books, and so on.
Thanks to all this variety of information sources, everything that is complex and multifaceted accumulates in human behavior which he builds for himself throughout his life. There are no identical people, each has their own character, attitude to life, its values, and each has their own individual view of the world around them.

Despite the fact that each person has his own character traits and temperament, there are still certain moral qualities, by which people are assessed by society.

Positive character traits:

Bad moral personality traits

Conclusion and conclusions

The list can be continued endlessly; we have considered only those moral qualities of a person that should characterize him as a full-fledged person.

Despite all the diversity and complexity of a person’s character and behavior, the society in which he lives leaves its mark on him. Many values, customs and traditions are passed down through generations, preserving and complementing the image of an ideal person from a moral point of view. And yet, the standard of a person with high moral principles will not be the one who lacks bad traits character, but one who knows how to distinguish real good from evil and live in harmony with society, its values and, above all, in peace and harmony with oneself, maintaining precisely those high human traits character for which a real, strong and unique personality is famous.

When speaking about such a concept as “human character,” most of us mean a person’s reactions to certain events in his life, as well as the people around him. In fact this concept is much more complex. Today you will learn about the characteristics of human character, its main types and traits.

Concept, manifestation of character

The concept of “character” in psychological terminology implies (translated from Greek as “seal”) a totality personal characteristics a person, formed in the process of growing up and clearly manifested in a person’s life (both personal and social). As a result, stable and uniform behavior is formed in certain situations.

In fact, not all psychological characteristics personality can be considered its permanent character traits. Simple and shining example: person in enough stressful situation showed himself to be rude and unrestrained. Does this mean that such behavior is characteristic of him due to his character? Not at all. Only the regular manifestation of such behavior can indicate a character trait.

The basis of human character is formed by it nervous activity, or rather its type; the dynamics of its manifestation is the environment.

There are many deep definitions and decodings of the set of concepts included in the word “character”. Speaking accessible language, human character is most often understood as:

a system of stable behavior that forms a personality type;
the line between a person's inner world and outside world in which he lives or the way the individual adapts to the environment;
a clearly defined system of human behavioral reactions to certain stimuli.

It is worth noting that character cannot be called fully formed until a person lives, grows and develops. The formation of a person’s character directly depends on the characteristics of his lifestyle, which include not only the physical, but also the spiritual: thoughts, feelings, motivations, etc.

Human character in its content is a complex relationship between social influence and the orientation of the individual, consisting of spiritual/material needs, beliefs, interests, etc.

Character traits

It is worth noting that the direct formation of character occurs under the influence of certain social subgroups to which a person belongs (for example, family, friends, work team, etc.). Depending on which group is dominant for a person, such character traits will develop in him. In addition, a significant role in this process will play the position of the individual in the group and the degree of his interaction with it.

In general, several groups of character traits can be distinguished depending on a person’s relationship with the outside world:

A person's attitude towards other individuals. Implies the individual's perception own family, colleagues, friends, just strangers. Here there is a person’s desire for active communication and, accordingly, character traits accompanying this desire, such as respect for others, collectivism, sensitivity, and kindness towards others. The opposite manifestation is also possible - the desire for limited communication and, accordingly, the traits associated with it - callousness, restraint, contempt for others, etc.
A person's attitude towards own work, achievements. As in the previous case, it is common for a person to show own work radically different emotions. It all depends on his characteristic traits: hard work, creativity, organization, responsibility - with a positive attitude towards one’s own work and laziness, dishonesty, sloppiness, etc. - with a negative/indifferent attitude towards work.
A person's attitude towards himself. An important component in character is a person’s own “I”. This implies character traits such as feeling self-esteem, pride ( healthy feeling), modesty or the opposite character traits: conceit, arrogance, touchiness, selfishness.
A person's attitude towards things. Everything is simple here: a person either cares about the condition of his (and not only) things (neatness, careful handling), or not (sloppiness, negligence, etc.).

The relationship between character and temperament

Many people mistakenly believe that a person’s temperament is initially akin to character and therefore equate these two concepts. IN scientific community 4 main views on the interaction of character and temperament are officially accepted:

Identification (character and temperament are considered equal concepts).
Contrasting concepts, emphasizing the fundamental difference between them.
Recognition of temperament as part of character, sometimes even its core.
Recognizing temperament as the actual foundation for character development.

Despite the radically different scientific views on the concept of character and temperament, we can distinguish them general dependence from physiological characteristics of a person, namely the characteristics of his nervous system. It is also worth noting that temperament is more strongly associated with nervous system of the individual, and therefore is actually the basis for character. Temperament has a decisive influence on the formation of such traits as balance, adequate perception of a particular situation, calmness of reaction, etc.

Nevertheless, temperament is not yet a predetermining factor in the formation of character. Yes, that's enough a common occurrence formation is considered radical of different nature with the same temperament.

Basic character types

There are many various theories, according to which human character can be divided into several types. Here are some of the most common ones in the scientific community.

Character types according to Kretschmer

According to the famous German psychologist Kretschmer, all individuals living on Earth belong to one of three main groups/character types (the main role in determining a person into one type or another is his physiological data):

Asthenics. People are of thin build with thin, long arms and legs, and a weak chest. Most often, people from this group have poorly developed muscles. IN psychologically This type corresponds to the schizothymic type of character: people with this type of character are characterized by isolation, stubbornness, and poor adaptation to changes in the environment.
Athletics. People are quite strong, with well-developed muscles. This type corresponds to the ixothymic type of character: people with this type of character are characterized by calmness, practicality, restraint, authority, etc.
Picnics. People are quite dense or even overweight, have a large head, a short neck, and a face with small features. The appropriate type of character is sociability, emotionality, quick adaptation to new conditions.

Classification of characters according to Carl Gustav Jung

The famous psychiatrist and psychologist from Switzerland created a simple at first glance, but quite deep classification of characters, because we're talking about about the interaction of the conscious with the unconscious. So, K.G. Jung identified three main character types: extrovert, introvert, ambovert.

Thus, the reactions and activities of an extrovert in to a greater extent depends on external impressions of events, people, etc. For an introvert, the opposite is true: he is more guided by his own experiences, sensations, etc.

Extroverts are sociable people pleasant conversationalists, open, cheerful, have a large number of friends. They always try to take everything from life, they care little about their own health

Introverts - special type a person who is quite difficult to understand. He is always closed, uncommunicative, strives to analyze everything, is rather suspicious, and has few friends.

Well, and finally, an ambivert is a person who, so to speak, has learned the best from the first two types. This man is an excellent analyst with subtle soul, prone to periodic “attacks” of loneliness and at the same time capable of “stirring up” big company with his wit, humor and charisma.

Types of characters according to Hippocrates

Hippocrates is considered the founder of one of the key theories human essence. True, in the distant ancient times The typology of temperament he created was understood, rather, to be the physical component of a person. And only a couple of centuries ago, the concept of four temperaments that he developed began to be studied with psychological point vision.

So, there are 4 main types of character/temperament:

Choleric; quite passionate, hot-tempered, sometimes aggressive person who finds it quite difficult to control his emotional condition and reactions to irritants external factors. A choleric person is characterized by frequent outbursts of anger, mood swings and other sudden changes in behavior. Quickly consumes energy, depleting your reserve of strength.
Sanguine. Very mobile and cheerful man, which, like choleric people, is characterized by sudden mood swings, but at the same time a quick and stable reaction to external factors. A sanguine person is a productive and purposeful person.
Phlegmatic person. The person is very reserved and shows virtually no emotions. He is unhurried, has a balanced psyche, is persistent and persistent in his work.
Melancholic. A very impressionable and easily vulnerable person, acutely experiencing his own failures. On external stimuli reacts quite sharply.

This is, perhaps, all you need to know about a person’s character, his main types, characteristics and manifestations in the world around him. From all of the above, we can draw a simple conclusion: each person is very individual, his personality is complex, multifaceted and unusual.

“There are as many characters as there are people,” we often repeat. And this is true, two identical people no, and even twins, so indistinguishable at first glance, turn out to be completely different people at second glance. People have various systems values, hobbies, principles and worldviews, react differently to external stimuli. A person’s character determines his actions, which make up his life. MirSovetov invites you to explore together what character is made up of and whether it is possible to change it.

Scientists psychologists call character an individual combination of those personality traits that are manifested in a person’s actions and determine his attitude towards the environment.

Translated from Greek word“character” – Charakter – means “imprint”, “minting”. Already from the name itself it is clear that in all centuries character has been considered as a stable system of human personality traits, such a unique inner rod, on which the remaining properties are strung like rings.

Character is closely related to his abilities. To some extent, it is one of the constituent parts of the character, because... determines the form of manifestation of human reactions, the dynamics of his mental processes. The type of temperament cannot be changed, but a person with a strong will can control and correct its negative traits. The concept of abilities is also included in the definition of character. For example, by developing the ability to work, we simultaneously develop diligence as a character trait.
Temperament types are usually inherited by a child from one of the parents. But temperament is only the basis for developing various character traits. For example, you can cultivate perseverance in both a choleric person and a phlegmatic person, but it will manifest itself in vigorous activity in one and methodical work in the other. Character is not an innate and unchangeable property, it is formed under the influence life experience, education, environment.

There is a branch of psychology devoted to the study of human character. It's called characterology. Characterology became a separate discipline not so long ago, but already in ancient times attempts were made to study and predict human character. For example, studying the influence of a person’s name on his character, selecting favorable combinations of first and middle names. Physiognomy is the study of the connection between a person’s appearance and his character. Even graphology, a science that establishes the connection between a person’s handwriting and his character, can also be considered one of the forerunners of characterology.

Character traits

In the character of every person one can distinguish general groups crap. Various scientists suggest different division character traits into groups. There are many classifications, from highly specialized to popular science. One of the most visual ways division into groups is the B.M. system. Teplova.
In the first group, this scientist identified common character traits, those that are mental basis personality. These are qualities such as integrity, honesty, courage and, naturally, their antipodes: cowardice, insincerity.
The second group includes those character traits in which a person’s attitude towards other people is manifested. Those. sociability and isolation, kindness and hostility, attentiveness and indifference.
The third group of character traits consists of those traits that express a person’s attitude towards himself. It is this group that includes pride and conceit, vanity, arrogance and self-esteem, adequate pride.
Fourth large group trait reflects a person’s attitude to work. Hard work and laziness, fear of difficulties and perseverance in overcoming them, activity and lack of initiative are included in this group.
In the typologies of character traits of other scientists, it is worth highlighting two very important groups of character traits, normal and abnormal. Normal traits include those traits that are inherent mentally healthy people, and abnormal - traits of people with mental illnesses.

It is interesting that the same character traits can apply to both normal and abnormal ones. The whole point is how much it is expressed in the character of a particular person. For example, suspicion can be absolutely healthy, but when it dominates, we can talk about paranoia.

Classification of human characters

Having dealt with the main distinguishable groups of character traits, it would be reasonable to move on to a typology of characters. But here in modern psychology No general classification. And how can one classify characters given the richness of compatibility of their traits? different people? However, such attempts have been made by scientists for a very long time.

For example, there is a division of characters according to their dominant volitional and emotional qualities. As a result, a strong-willed type of character is distinguished (active, with a dominant will), an emotional type (guided by an emotional background) and a rational type (sober-minded, based on the arguments of reason).

At one time, the German psychiatrist Kretschmer classified people according to their build and hypothesized that people of a certain constitution also have certain character traits.
Thus, asthenics, people of thin build, with thin bones and weak muscles, are characterized by weak emotionality, a love of philosophy and introspection, and a tendency to loneliness.
People of athletic type (average or high growth, wide rib cage, excellent muscles) are characteristic strong will, persistence and even stubbornness.
The third type of constitution is picnic, it is distinguished by average height, well-developed adipose tissue, and weak muscles. People of this type are emotional and strive to enjoy life.
And although later this typology of characters was recognized as not one hundred percent correct, there is a grain of truth in it. People with a certain body structure are more likely to suffer from similar ones. The type of human constitution is innate, it is influenced by a genetic factor, which also causes some ailments. Which makes the hypothesis about general outline probable nature. MirSovetov will once again emphasize that we are talking exclusively about some traits, and not about the entire character.

Character Formation

A person's character changes somewhat throughout his life. These changes most often occur unconsciously, but sometimes a person consciously changes some features. But the main, basic features are laid in early childhood and we can say with confidence that by the age of 5-6 the child already has his own own character. Already by the second year of life, the child demonstrates strong-willed character traits, and by the age of 3-4 years, business traits are formed. Clear signs of communicative character traits appear by the age of 4-5, when the child begins to take an active part in group role-playing games.

In that age period The character of a child is greatly influenced by adults and how parents treat the child. If parents pay attention to the child, talk to him and are interested in his desires, then such a child is likely to develop trust in people, sociability and cheerfulness. IN otherwise the appearance of such traits as isolation and closedness is likely.

IN school years The formation of the child’s character continues, but in junior classes The opinion of parents and teachers is a priority, and in the middle classes peers have a greater influence on character. In high school, the picture changes again: the opinion of adults again becomes more significant. But the influence of elders becomes more indirect, respect for a person as an individual and self-esteem young man. Also during this period, the media acquire a greater influence on a person’s character.
In the future, character changes will consist of events personal life, meetings with bright charismatic personalities, and also under the influence age-related changes. The most noticeable of the latter are changes in personality in older age. At the age of 50, a person finds himself at the junction of the past and the future. He no longer has the habit of making plans and living in the future, but it is still too early to indulge in memories. After 60 years begins new stage in a person’s life, when the past and present acquire extraordinary value. Character traits such as slowness and measuredness appear. Also, the character and the onset of health problems change somewhat.

How to change your character

As a rule, new character traits manifest themselves most quickly and fully in a person if they are similar to existing ones. After the age of thirty, dramatic changes in character occur extremely rarely. And yet it is never too late to change.

A person can always change character traits that he does not like. There are many methods for this, but they are all based on one thing: the desire to change must be internal and conscious.
A good helper in changing your character will be systems approach. Write down on a separate piece of paper the character traits that you want to get rid of. Next to each trait, write how it manifests itself. Knowing this, it will be easier for you to control yourself and prevent actions that are unpleasant to you. A person’s character takes a long time to develop; it is difficult to get rid of unpleasant traits; it requires painstaking and lengthy work. But this is not impossible, and literally the first week is especially difficult. When control over the manifestation of the “dark” side of your character becomes a habit, monitoring your behavior will become much easier. And very soon, what you didn’t like about your character will no longer complicate your life and communication with loved ones.

For example, your negative trait is anger. It manifests itself in the fact that, without listening to your interlocutor, you manage to be rude to him. You should start to control your actions: try to listen to your interlocutor to the end, count to five or ten before saying anything harsh.

A role model also gives good results in changing your character. Having chosen a model (it can be either a real or a fictitious person), you begin to look up to him. And you ask yourself what he would do if he were in your place. By copying the desired behavior, you will also develop the correct ones and minimize manifestations of negative traits character. Here MirSovetov will make only this remark: do not try to copy someone’s behavior exactly as it is, superficially. And it’s unlikely that you will succeed. You need to understand that you are individual in your own way, and therefore some trait will manifest itself with its own nuance that is unique to you.

For example, you want to be as firm in dealing with clients as your work colleague. This does not mean that you should copy his actions exactly. Those. If you see from the outside how your colleague calmly and confidently communicates with each of the clients, then, following him, it is somewhat wrong to put on a “mask of equanimity and confidence”, completely imitating his facial expressions and intonation. Or rather, this alone will not be enough. It’s better if you also try to figure out why he manages to be like this. Surely, your colleague is well versed in his subject, has a lot of knowledge, and this gives him confidence in the conversation. Perhaps he is more, filtering out personal, any unfounded claims and highlighting only truly problematic issues, thereby avoiding unnecessary disputes and conflicts. Those. you must sort out the character of the person who serves as a role model for you, and try to develop these qualities in yourself.

It doesn't matter what self-correction system you use. It is important that you sincerely want to change for the better, then nothing will be impossible for you. Remember that there is no limit to perfection, develop the best in yourself, and MirSovetov wishes you good luck in this!