Report: Padonkaf language or Albanian language. Albanian language

Plan:

1 Characteristics
2 History
- 2.1 Origin of the name "Albany"
- 2.2 Spreading
3 Memes
- 3.1 Preved
- 3.2 Bobruisk
4 In popular culture
5 Possible prototypes

Introduction

"Padonkaffsky", or "Albanian" yezig- a style of using the Russian language that spread in Runet at the beginning of the 21st century with phonetically almost correct, but deliberately incorrect spelling of words (the so-called errative), frequent use of profanity and certain cliches characteristic of slangs. Most often used when writing comments on texts in blogs, chats and web forums. Slang has given rise to many stereotypical expressions and Internet memes, in particular, the “preved” meme is associated with it.

1. Characteristics

The slang of bastards is already used in official documents (name of the partnership)

The main feature of the “padonkaf” style is the deliberate violation of the spelling norms of the Russian language (focused on etymology) while maintaining the graphic principles of reading and, in general, the same phonetic sequence. From the homophonic writing methods in a given position, the one that does not correspond to the spelling norm is selected - use A instead of unstressed O and vice versa, interchange of unstressed And, e And I, cc or ts instead of ts, ts, ds, Also wow And shi, why And now instead of live And shi, cha And now, sch instead of sch and vice versa, yea, yo, yu instead of initial ones I, e, Yu, interchange of voiceless and voiced at the end of a word or before voiceless ( crosafcheg), and instead of f can be used in this position ff(modeled on the old Western European transmission of surnames like Smirnoff).

It is also common to merge words together without a space ( LOL). In other words, this is an “anti-norm” based on a consistent (or close to it) rejection of the existing normative choice of spellings (that is, in order to write in the jargon of bastards, you actually need to master the existing norm). In addition, means that violate the graphic principles of reading are used less frequently: the interchange of voiceless and voiced not only at the end of a word ( dafai), as well as hard and soft (for example, bear). The latter phenomena are lexicalized (associated with specific words).

In addition, the “padonkaf” language includes specific vocabulary - usually common literary words, which are assigned special meanings/uses (jargon in the proper sense of the word): this is the word itself bastard, as well as expressions like zhzhosh, afftar, drink poison, hellish and so on.

2. History

The style, based on deliberately incorrect spelling, spread spontaneously on the Internet as a grotesque reaction to numerous spelling errors in Internet publications and remarks. The immediate predecessor of “Albanian” was the jargon of users of the Fidonet computer network, specifically the echo conferences TYT.BCE.HACPEM and Ru.punk.rock, as well as Kaschenites, whose echo conference has been known since approximately the end of December 1998. This Runet phenomenon is close to LOLspeak, which is popular on the English-language Internet.

It can be assumed that such a language was widespread in Russia back in the 19th century among young people who wanted to stand out. In the novel “Kyukhlya” Yu. Tynyanov talks about Kuchelbecker’s neighbor in prison - the young daring Prince Obolensky, who was subsequently deprived of his rank and exiled to Siberia, who, undoubtedly, knowing perfectly well written Russian, wrote letters in a language close to Albanian. Here is one of those letters:

Daragoy Sased will call me, swearing Sergei Abalenskaya, I am the staff-captain of the Hussars regiment, I’m sitting, the devil only knows what, but for gambling and roulette, and the most important thing is that I beat the commander and wrote an official letter to the head of the division, Baron Budberg, that he is a lackey of the tsar, he has been sitting in Sviyaborgi for a whole year, how many They'll keep me in this pit, God knows.

It is believed that the appearance of padonkaff jargon on the Internet was due to the activities of Dmitry Sokolovsky, the administrator of the site udaff.com, better known as “Boa Constrictor.” In 2000, he began writing for a website with the self-explanatory names fuck.ru and fuckru.net, and then opened the website udaff.com, where he publishes his own and other people’s texts, which use toilet humor and obscenities. According to Sokolovsky himself, the first to distort words on the site fuck.ru was the author, who spoke under the nickname Linxy. Then for a long time he supported the well-known countercultural website down-culture.ru, which currently does not exist. In honor of Linksy, this language was originally called L-language.

2.1. Origin of the name "Albany"

The expression became widespread on LiveJournal when an American user scottishtiger (an American from Tacoma, Washington, DC, of Scottish descent), seeing the text in Russian (in this user post onepamop ), was indignant at why someone was writing on the American website livejournal.com in “a language he does not understand, and what kind of language it is in general.” User maxxximus called an “unknown” language Albanian. The next day, to the question “Why do you think that the comments were written for you?” scottishtiger replied:

Why? This is LiveJournal. American site, not Albanian. And I know that you speak two languages. Plus, being an American means the rest of the world has to adjust to me. But this is just my point of view.

In response, a flash mob called Albanian Lessons was organized in the Russian-language section of LiveJournal, which aimed to help an American learn Russian. In a couple of days scottishtiger received several thousand comments with “Albanian lessons” and just flood. The user was asked to apologize and write a post in his journal (in Russian) stating that he had already learned the Albanian language, that scottishtiger , in the end, he did. Perhaps only because, in addition to the magazine and mailbox, I received a huge number of SMS messages and calls on my mobile phone.

First Albanian lessons:

First lesson. About the letter X. X. This is an important Albanian letter of the Russian alphabet. The fucking Albanian national word “dick” begins with it...

After some time, he reduced his activity (including turning off comments) due to the ongoing uncontrolled flooding. In 2010 the magazine was closed, in February 2011 it was already opened.

2.2. Spreading

The style became widespread on the Internet, and the deliberate obscenity and cynicism of the style receded, causing the areas of use to expand significantly. The jargon of bastards became widespread with the advent of blogs on the Internet, in which “bastards” left their “comments” (comments). Jargon had a strong influence on the development of the language cliches of LiveJournal, which gave rise to a number of common “comments”, such as “pervyynakh” (first comment), “afftar zhzhot”, “kill apsten”, “drink yada”, “yazva” (something bad) , “zachot”, “hellish soton”, etc. In accordance with the described norms, English words from the general Internet vocabulary, elements of slang and original expressions were also included in the jargon.

The predecessor of the Padonki language is the language of the Kaschenites, a special group of people who lived in the Fidonet echo conference SU.KASCHENKO.LOCAL. It was the Kaschenites who first came up with the idea of writing deliberately incorrectly. At different times, the language of the Kaschenites changed, and an already established version of the language ended up on the Internet, already under the name “language of the bastards”. The language practically did not develop on the Internet, but it gave rise to many stable expressions.

The language of Upyachka can be considered a follower of the language of bastards, although this “language” is too specific: basically it is a mixture of several individual words that for the most part do not carry a semantic load, for example: “Zhep ebrilo”, “Chocho”, “Adynadynadyn”, etc. d.

3. Memes

3.1. Preved

3.2. Bobruisk

Padonkov’s phrase “F Babruisk, zhivotnae!” became especially famous. The most likely version of the origin of this phrase is the work of counter-cultural writer Vladimir Sorokin:

You're Russian, aren't you? Were you born in Russia? Did you go to high school? Have you served in the army? Did you study at a technical school? Did you work at a factory? Did you go to Bobruisk? Did you go to Bobruisk? Did you go to Bobruisk? You went, huh? You went to Bobruisk, huh? Did you go? Why are you silent? Did you go to Bobruisk? A? Why are you mowing? A? It's stuck, right? Did you go to Bobruisk? Are you a dick? Did you go to Bobruisk? Did you go, bastard? Did you go, bastard? Did you go, bastard? Did you fucking go?

Vladimir Sorokin. A road accident.

4. In popular culture

References to the slang of bastards in literature, music, and cinema are not uncommon.

The parody group “The Nepodarki” performs songs in the slang of bastards.
The band “Azstskaya Sotona”, a parody black metal band formed based on an online legend, performs songs in the slang of bastards.
In the song “Grandma Asked” by the group “Lilies of the Valley” there are the lines:

About this unique phenomenon
I told Gordon in my spare time
Gordon answered me on a fashionable hairdryer:
“Burn, bitch!”

In Victor Pelevin’s work Helm of Horror, the character S’liff_zoSSchitan spoke the Padonkaf language. Also, in the work “Empire V” the main character, having tried the bottle “Tyutchev + Albanian source”, writes a poem in pure Albanian.
In the stories “Demons in the House” and “Career” by science fiction writer Alexander Rudazov, the gremlin Venya uses the language of bastards.

5. Possible prototypes

Transfer from e To yo and from I To yea(ya krevedko) is a process that is partly the opposite of the historical process of the emergence of these letters: the letter “е” was introduced in 1783 as a replacement for “io”, and “ya” (or rather, its predecessors yus small and a iotated) appeared as ligatures εν and ıa respectively. However, the phonetic meaning of the small yus when it appeared was different (e is nasal, not ja), and in addition, iotated vowels and io were also used after consonants (where they meant one sound), which is not always typical for the padonki language.

Phonetically correct, but spelling incorrect writing (the so-called “illiterate letter”) has existed since the phonetic changes of the 14th-15th centuries. (the appearance of akanya, hardening of hissing words, deafening of final words, simplification of combinations), which made possible graphically correct entries that do not correspond to the etymological spelling accepted in book writing (no matter how wide its norms were in different periods before the stabilization of Russian spelling in the middle of the 19th century). In everyday writing (letters, private letters, graffiti), especially among people not associated with the church or literature (even high-ranking ones), such graphics have always been in wide circulation; for example, Peter I wrote to his mother, Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna: And I, thank God, besides this I won’t force myself to do anything else and will go as far as I can; and Andursky<Гамбургские>there have never been any ships yet. Therefore, my joy, hello, and I live with your prayers. Unlike the language of bastards, such graphics are not deliberate in nature, but are usually associated with incomplete mastery of the book’s spelling norm; accordingly, the task of consistently repelling from it is not set (thus, at the end of a word in “illiterate writing” it will be written much more often - To, how - G, in accordance with the real pronunciation, and a special replacement for the spelling - To on - G will not be; it is possible only in cases of hypercorrection).

The Belarusian language has adopted a phonetic spelling that directly reflects akanye and some other phonetic changes that are also found in the Russian language (see Spelling of the Belarusian language). “O” is preserved only under stress; in the absence of stress, “A” is always written ( malaco), Russian tsya/tsya corresponds tsa (bayazza), some doubled consonants correspond to single ones ( Russians) etc. Proposals for similar reforms for the Russian language were put forward in the early 60s of the 20th century, and cartoons appeared on them in the Krokodil magazine. The Belarusian system is also based on the phonetic principle and does not represent a deliberate departure from the etymological one.

The play by the futurist Ilya Zdanevich “Yanka Krul Albanskaya”, written and first staged in 1916, is written in a mixture of abstruse and Russian, and in the printed edition the Russian text is deliberately typed without observing the normative rules of spelling (with a general orientation towards phonetic notation like the Belarusian one). Some excerpts from the play:

The article by G. Guseinov (2000), who introduced the concept of errative, contains links to online publications by Dmitry Galkovsky, who already in the plays of the 1990s widely used the style that the authors of the sites udaff.com and fuck.ru subsequently strived for.

A similar phenomenon occurred (and continues to occur) in American English, when styles and jargons arose in order to simplify the highly phonetically inadequate literary English - see, for example, the titles of discs and individual songs of the Slade group.

Sources

Protasov P. Magazine P@utina.
Poster magazine
TUT.by
Off. website of the ACCkaya SoToNa group.
Letters and papers of Emperor Peter the Great: T. I. 1688-1701. - St. Petersburg, 1887.
First edition - Tiflis, "Syndicate", 1918; reprinted in the collection: Poetry of Russian Futurism. St. Petersburg, “Academic Project”, 2001 (“New Library of the Poet”), p. 522-531

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" Albanian language" . Research experience

Introduction

Virtual communication has given rise to a special language of virtual communication, nicknamed “Albanian”. Its distinctive feature is the distortion of the Russian language according to certain rules. This special language began to gradually move into everyday life, thereby exacerbating the problem of the purity of the modern Russian language. Scientists - linguists, teachers - linguists, parents often reproach our generation for illiteracy, considering its main reason to be an excessive passion for communicating “in Albanian style”. But is this really so?

I put forward a hypothesis: the use of the “Albanian language” when communicating on the Internet does not affect students’ literacy in Russian language lessons.

The purpose of my work is to study the influence of the “Albany language” on the literacy of students in grades 8-9 of the State Educational Institution “Samokhvalovichskaya Secondary School”.

Job objectives:

Study information about the peculiarities of adolescent communication via the Internet, forms of virtual communication;

Study frequently used slang expressions and abbreviations of words and try to identify the peculiarities of their use in the “Albanian language”;

To explore the ideas of students in grades 8-9 and teachers of the State Educational Institution “Samokhvalovichskaya Secondary School” on this issue.

Object of study: “Albanian language”.

Subject of the study: the influence of the “Albanian language” on the literacy of students in grades 8-9 of the State Educational Institution “Samokhvalovichskaya Secondary School”.

Methods used: survey, monitoring, bibliographic analysis method.

1. Specifics of communication on the Internet

Internet Albanian language student

Communication on the Internet is a relatively new phenomenon and therefore little studied. On the one hand, on the Internet you can find any information on any topic, including the topic of Internet communication. On the other hand, research on this type of communication is rather fragmentary and inconsistent. However, based on data from the resource www.psychology.ru, we can highlight the following: specialthe importance of communication through andinternet.

Firstly, it is anonymity. The information provided by the Internet user is insufficient for a real and adequate perception of the individual. In addition, concealment or provision of false information is observed. As a result of such anonymity and impunity, another feature appears on the Internet related to the reduction of psychological risk in the process of communication - liberation, non-normativity and some irresponsibility of the participants in communication.

Secondly, contacts are voluntary. The user voluntarily makes contacts or leaves them, and can also interrupt them at any time.

Thirdly, this is the difficulty of the emotional component of communication. At the same time, there is a persistent desire for emotional content in the text, which is expressed in the creation of special icons to indicate emotions or in describing emotions in words.

If speak about forms of virtual communication, then the most famous are chats, forums, email, ICQ, blogs.

Each of these forms has its own unique traditions of communication and makes special demands on the language in which communication occurs. In addition, forms of network communication differ not only in the mode of interactivity (Online and Offline), the direction of communication (mono-dialogue and polylogical), but also in the degree of openness. We can conditionally divide them into “open” (available for viewing by all network users) and “private” (intended for confidential communication).

Let's look at some of them in more detail. IN chats For the most part, communication is practiced for the sake of communication itself. They are characterized by unprepared utterances, where the conversational genre predominates, which, however, is influenced by the specificity of the exchange of remarks in writing. Through chat, an essentially new form of linguistic interaction has emerged - a symbiosis of written and spoken speech. In addition, the speed of communication in chats has left its mark on the volume of remarks: statements are laconic, the average length of a message is 5-6 words, while the volume emails can reach several pages of text.

Over the past few years they have become very popular blogs, online diaries of one or more authors, consisting of entries in reverse chronological order. Forums is a place for networking between a group of authors, where entries are united by a common theme. They are focused on a more time-delayed exchange of statements than chats, so the remarks of forum participants are more consistent with the manner of written speech: statements are logical, complete and informative.

The need for full communication on the Internet has brought to life new sign systems. The inability to use standard means of conveying emotions when communicating on the Internet has led to the creation of a system of so-called emoticons, with the help of which a fairly diverse range of feelings can be expressed. Capital letters are also used as a substitute for voice modulations, which outside the title convey an increase in voice tone.

Often, Internet users do not bother with detailed comments, preferring common phrases from online jargon. If the text is liked, it is rewarded with typical praise: “Zhzhot!”, “HDDD”. If the message seemed boring - “Facepalm”, “Nizachot”, “Nikatit”. Such blatant distortion of language is not necessarily a sign of total illiteracy of visitors to blogs and chats. How else to convey the nuances of your emotions - irony, sarcasm, surprise? So netizens resort to deviations from the norms of spelling and punctuation, the use of capital letters inside words and other games with the alphabet (see. ANNEX 1).

The main purpose of using such a sign system is to save time allocated for communication. This is a sign of modern society as a whole: the pace of life is accelerating every day, and language, accordingly, adapts to new operating conditions.

Many Internet users admit a huge amount errors. These errors can be divided into the following groups.

Common illiteracy. Some people did not learn the rules of spelling at school and simply do not know how to spell this or that word. They use words that are difficult for them as they see fit, but often their opinion about the correct spelling does not coincide with the truth.

Deliberate illiteracy. Illiteracy in this case is elevated to the rank of dignity. Words are printed as they are heard and pronounced, voiced consonants are changed to voiceless (“daroff”), A on ABOUT, E on AND and vice versa (“preved”). It is this spelling that is a kind of calling card of the “Albanian language”. Possession of “Albanian” shows that a person belongs to the huge community of Internet communication. He becomes his own, distorting the Russian language according to certain rules.

Typos. The Internet is full of typos. There are so many typos because many people do not check the correctness of the typed text.

2. by students 8-9 classes of the State Educational Institution "Samokhvalovichskaya Secondary School"

To study students’ ideas about the influence of the “Albany language” on literacy, I developed a special questionnaire. The rules for compiling this type of questionnaire are taken from a sociology textbook edited by prof. Elsukova A.N.

What forms of communication on the Internet do you prefer?

31 students (86 % ) selected chat, 3(1 4 % ) - email.

Do you use “Albanian language” in online communication?

Never

Depending on the situation

26 studentov (7 2 % ) answeredO“depending on the situation”, 5- "sometimes", 4(1 1 % ) - « often» , 1 (3 % ) - « never» .

Do you use “Albanian” in your oral communication with your classmates?

Never

Depending on the situation

30 students(8 3 % ) answered “sometimes”, 4(1 1 % ) - "often", 2(6 % ) - "never".

Do you use “Albanian language” when communicating with parents and teachers?

Never

Depending on the situation

27 (7 5 % ) students answered “never”, 8(2 2 % ) - "depending on the situation", 1(3 % ) - Sometimes.

Why do you use “Albanian language” in online communication?

It's modern (fashionable)

It's fun

So that adults don't understand

That's what everyone does

It's faster this way

34 students(9 4 % ) answered “it’s faster”, 2(6 % ) - "this is funO".

Do you use spelling rules when communicating on the Internet?

Never

Depending on the situation

35 students (9 7 % ) answered “depending on the situation”, 1(3 % ) - "Always".

Do you use punctuation rules when communicating on the Internet?

Never

Depending on the situation

30 (8 3 % ) students answered “depending on the situation”, 6(1 7 % ) - "Sometimes".

What words do you modify most often?

Plz please.

Pozyazya - please.

Lu cha och sina - I love you very much.

Mona - you can.

Sho-thread - something.

Ku - hi.

Good night - good night.

Current - only.

MB - maybe.

Spc - thank you.

Namana is fine.

How a u - how are you?

Does using “Albanian” when communicating on the Internet affect your literacy in class?

32 students(8 9 % ) answered “no”, 4 (1 1 % ) - "Don't know".

So, the students’ answers are quite categorical: 89% of those who participate in Internet communication (or 64% of all respondents - let me remind you that a total of 50 people took part in the survey) believe that use of "Albanian language"does not affect their literacy At school. Here are the most common arguments.

“I use slang depending on the communication situation, first of all, on who my interlocutor is.”

“Nowadays everyone speaks Albanian in chat rooms, but in real life I try not to use it.”

“I write everywhere not very competently. I don’t make mistakes on purpose, but I don’t worry too much about them either.”

This position is confirmed by the answers to the previous questions. Let me remind you that, answering questions No. 6, “Do you apply spelling rules when communicating on the Internet?” and No. 7 “Do you use punctuation rules when communicating on the Internet?”, 97% and 83% of students, respectively, chose the answer “depending on the situation.”

Illustrative examples of correspondence on the Internet in compliance with the norms of the Russian language are given in APPS 2 And 3 .

The same clear answer was given to the question about the reasons for using the “Albanian language” when communicating on the Internet: “it’s faster” (94% of respondents). In turn, this result is confirmed by the answers to question No. 8 “What words do you modify most often?” The expressions given as an answer are mainly abbreviations of words and phrases.

To further check the objectivity of the results obtained, I conducted a survey among 8 teachers - linguists at our school. The question was posed as follows: “Does the use of the “Albanian language” in Internet communication affect students’ literacy in Russian, Belarusian and English lessons?” Answer options: “yes”, “no”, “I don’t know”.

2 teachers (25%) answered “yes”, 6 (75%) - “no”.

Conclusion

Communication on the Internet is identified by many modern researchers as a special type of communication with their specific characteristics: anonymity, voluntary contacts and difficulty in the emotional component of communication.

Most famous forms of virtual communication are forums, e-mail, ICQ, blogs, chats.

Through chat, a new form of language interaction has emerged - symbiosis of written and spoken speech. The main reason for using it is to save time allocated for communication.

When communicating in chat rooms, Internet users admit a huge number of errors. These errors can be divided into three groups:

ordinary illiteracy, deliberate illiteracy (“Albanian language”), typos. According to popular belief, the use of “Albany language” is the main reason for the decline in student literacy.

To test this statement, I conducted this study.

The survey was conducted in 8 “A”, 8 “B” and 9 “A” classes. A total of 50 students were surveyed, the vast majority of whom - 36 students or 72% of respondents - stated that they participate in Internet communication. Further questions were asked to those who answered the preliminary question positively, i.e. 36 students.

The answers turned out to be quite clear.

Answers to question No. 5 “Why do you use the Albanian language in Internet communication?” confirmed the assumptions of the authors of the resource www.psychology.ru that the main reason for using abbreviations is to save time when communicating.

Answering question No. 9, “Does using the Albanian language when communicating on the Internet affect your literacy in the classroom?”, 89% of those who participate in Internet communication stated that use of "Albanian language"does not affect their literacy At school. A similar position was confirmed by the answers to control questions (No. 6 and No. 7).

To further check the objectivity of the results obtained, a survey was conducted among teachers and linguists at our school. 75% of teachers also agreed with the statement that use of "Albanian language"does not affect literacy students in class.

Thus, the data obtained during the study confirmed the correctness of the hypothesis put forward.

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...

Albanian on Madonna's blog

People were also encouraged to learn “Albanian” Madonna, after she greeted her Russians using a translation program fans, calling them "fans" ( English fan- fan/fan/hairdryer, fan/fan):

For my Russian fans. I want to personally welcome you to my blog. I love you guys! You are the best! Don't forget to buy my new album Confessions on the Dance Field. Express it. Don't suppress. I noticed your presence here. I will remember your kindness.

Later they helped her correct the translation.

Historical coincidences

Poet and artist- futurist Ilyazd V 1916, long before the appearance of " language of bastards", wrote a kiss play on mixed with I'm going crazy spelling incorrect Russian language, called “Izyk Albanskaya”.
Alexander Prokhanov in 1997 he published an article in his newspaper “Zavtra” “Russian, learn Albanian!” »

Story

The style, based on deliberately incorrect spelling, spread spontaneously on the Internet as a grotesque reaction to numerous spelling errors in Internet publications and remarks. It is believed that the appearance of padonkaff jargon on the Internet was due to the activities of Dmitry Sokolovsky, the administrator of the site udaff.com, better known as “Boa Constrictor.” IN 2000 he began writing for a site with the self-explanatory names fuck.ru and fuckru.net, and then opened the site udaff.com, where he publishes his own and other people’s texts, in which sex, food and feces prevail, and is also widely used mat. According to Sokolovsky himself, the first to distort words on the site fuck.ru was the author, who spoke under the nickname Linxy. Then he supported the famous website for a long time countercultural direction of down-culture.ru, which currently does not exist. In honor of Linksy, this language was originally called L-language.

They began to call him “Albanian” after an Internet flash mob provoked by an American user LiveJournal, who had the imprudence to ask a Russian-speaking LiveJournal user “what kind of language is this” in which he writes on the pages of his online diary, and then demand that he write in English on the grounds that LiveJournal supposedly - This is an “American site”. This post in the community quickly received a huge number of comments, most of which were openly sarcastic (including the famous answer to an American’s question about the language of the mentioned diary - “Albanian”). Russian LiveJournal users, as part of the flash mob, also began to leave many similar comments on the posts of the American author, and ultimately he was forced to temporarily delete his magazine.

The predecessor of the Padonki language is the language of the Kaschenites, a special group of people who lived in the echoconference Fidoneta SU.KASCHENKO.LOCAL. It was the Kaschenites who first came up with the idea of writing deliberately incorrectly. At different times, the language of the Kaschenites changed, and an already established version of the language ended up on the Internet, already under the name “language of the bastards”. The language practically did not develop on the Internet, but it gave rise to many stable expressions.

A follower of the language of bastards can be considered the language Upyachki, although this “language” is too specific: basically it is a mixture of several individual words that for the most part do not carry any semantic load, for example: “Zhep ebrilo”, “Chocho”, “Adinadinadin”, etc.

Spreading

The style became widespread on the Internet, and the deliberate obscenity and cynicism of the style receded, causing the areas of use to expand significantly. The language of bastards became widespread with the advent of the Internet blogs, in which the “bastards” left their “kamenty” (comments). Jargon had a strong influence on the development of linguistic cliches LiveJournal, which gave rise to a number of common “comments”, such as “pervyynakh” (first comment), “afftar zhzhot”, “kill apsten”, “drink yada”, “zachot”, “hellish soton”, etc. In accordance with those described norms, the jargon also included English words from the general Internet vocabulary, elements of slang and original expressions.

Currently, the jargon of “bastards” is gradually moving from virtual life to real life. More and more often it can be found in advertising and on store windows (not to mention graffiti). And even in the headlines of analytical articles, for example: Among supporters of purity of speech, slang is extremely unpopular and is subject to obstruction.

In popular culture

References to the slang of bastards in literature, music, and cinema are not uncommon.

The parody group “The Nepodarki” performs songs in the slang of bastards.

In the song “Grandma Asked” by the group “ Lilies of the valley" there are lines:

About this unique phenomenon
I told Gordon at leisure
Gordon answered me on a fashionable hairdryer:
“Burn, bitch!”

In the work of Victor Pelevin Helm of Terror The character S"liff_zoSSchitan spoke the Padonkaf language.

Possible prototypes

Transfer from e To yo and from I To yea represents a process that is partly the opposite of the historical process of the emergence of these letters: the letter “е” was introduced in 1783 as a replacement for “io”, and “I” (or rather, its predecessors small us And and iotized) appeared as ligaturesεν and ıa respectively. However, the phonetic meaning of the small yus when it appeared was different (e is nasal, not ja), and in addition, iotated vowels and io were also used after consonants (where they meant one sound), which is not always typical for the padonki language.

Phonetically correct, but spelling incorrect writing (the so-called “illiterate letter”) has existed since the phonetic changes of the 14th-15th centuries. (appearance of akanya, hardening of hissing words, deafening of final ones, simplification of combinations), which made possible graphically correct entries that do not correspond to the etymological spelling accepted in book writing (no matter how wide its norms were in different periods before stabilization Russian spelling in the middle of the 19th century). In everyday writing (letters, private letters, graffiti), especially among people not associated with the church or literature (even high-ranking ones), such graphics have always been in wide circulation; For example, Peter I wrote to the queen's mother Natalya Kirillovna : And I, thank God, besides this I won’t force myself to do anything else and will go as far as I can; and Andursky<Гамбургские>there have never been any ships yet. Therefore, my joy, hello, and I live with your prayers. Unlike the language of bastards, such graphics are not deliberate in nature, but are usually associated with incomplete mastery of the book’s spelling norm; accordingly, the task of consistently repelling from it is not set (thus, at the end of a word in “illiterate writing” it will be written much more often - To, how - G, in accordance with the real pronunciation, and a special replacement for the spelling - To on - G will not be; it is possible only in cases hypercorrection).

Sources

Links

SU.KASCHENKO.LOCAL - archive Fidonetovskaya echo conferences on Google Groups
Madonna, learn Albanian (Russian)

Publications

Lera Jean. "PREVED" EFFECT.// Magazine “Ya”, No. 7 (31) March 27 - April 9, 2006. An article that fully reveals the history of the creation of the picture with “PREVED”. Interview with the authors.
Sergey Vilyanov “Full Preved” // "Computerra", No. 11 (631), March 21, 2006.
Hasan Huseynov “Den of the Weblog.” Introduction to erratic semantics // "We speak Russian", March 2005 - the first attempt to determine the cultural function of the “language of the bastards” (which the author also inaccurately calls “goblins” and “boas”). For the first time, a term was proposed to define the word distortion typical of the “language of bastards” - errative. For the first time in paper printing, the topic of erratives is discussed in the article:
Hasan Guseinov Notes on the anthropology of the Russian Internet: features of the language and literature of network people // NLO, No. 43, 2000
A. Vernidub “The language has an aftar” // "Russian Newsweek", No. 17 (47), May 16-22, 2005 - the first article about the “language of bastards” in the paper press. Very accurately reflects the history and origin of the language.
P. Protasov. “P@utina, issue 25” // Russian magazine, May 23, 2005 - article about the role Fidoneta in the emergence of the “padonkaf language”.
S. Belukhin. “The authors told Newsweek their “kg/am”” // Ytro.Ru, May 17, 2005. Replete with inaccuracies and unjustified generalizations.
S. Golubitsky “Creatiff and Bit Torrent” // "Computerra", No. 21 (593), June 7, 2005.
“Harfagraphy or Author, go on foot!” // “The Best City”, an article about how the Russian language is great and powerful.
Igor Belkin, Alexander Amzin. “FULL PREVED”, Tape. Ru, February 28, 2006. // Internet slang is increasingly expanding beyond the virtual space.

Introduction.

The relevance of the topic chosen for research and the personal motives and circumstances of interest in this topic.

Modern schoolchildren, including me, are active users of the Internet, in particular, social networks, various forums, and blogs. Very often, when reading publications and comments, you come across distorted words and expressions, many of which are completely incomprehensible (“preved”, “afftor zhzhot”, “ftopku”, “laughing”, “IMHO”, “to Babruisk, animal!” and etc.).Such writing options are frequent and systematic; texts are actively created with their use, dialogues and correspondence are conducted.This peculiar language has its own name (“Albanian”), its own history, websites and even its own manifesto(the so-called “manifesto of anti-literacy”). Writing in “Albanian” has become very fashionable, especially among young people, although many schoolchildren who actively use variants of “Albanian” spelling know nothing about this phenomenon. Arisesproblem: at school we try to follow the rules of spelling and grammar, we write as teachers require, and on the Internet we deviate from spelling rules so as not to look like a black sheep or seem out of date, especially since the words in Albanian are very sticky, you won’t want to, but remember and write it yourself. I decided to study this phenomenon to understand whether it is a harmless game or a serious threat to our language, leading to loss of literacy.

Object of study.

Words and expressions of the “Albanian language”.

Subject of study.

The influence of the “Albanian language” on the modern Russian literary language.

Hypothesis.

If I examine the reasons, the history of its occurrence, the rules by which modern Internet language exists, I can give my assessment of this phenomenon. “Albany language” negatively affects the spelling literacy of schoolchildren.

Target.

Determine your own position on the use of Internet language and assess the possible consequences of its use. Find out whether the active use of “Albanian” affects the student’s spelling literacy.

Objectives of the work.
1. Study the reasons and history of the creation of the “Albanian language”.

2. Identify the features of this language.

3. Collect a dictionary of “Albany” words and expressions.

4. Consider controversial points of view on the existence and use of Internet language.

5. Conduct a linguistic experiment.

5. Draw conclusions about this phenomenon.

Research methods.

Theoretical: research, analysis, generalization.

Practical: observation, comparison, experiment.

Chapter 1. Language information.

1.1. The history of the Albanian language.

In 2004, one of the users posted photographs on his blog on LiveJournal, accompanied by captions. Another user, an American, became interested in the photographs and texts accompanying them and asked why in the international system livejournal.com someone writes in a language he does not understand and what kind of language it is. The answer he received was: “It’s Albanian.” The Russian-speaking part of LiveJournal joined the dialogue and organized an action, as a result of which the American received countless comments calling for him to “learn Albanian.” Thanks to this story, the name “Albanian language” came into use. Albanian refers to a specific Russian language that is used on the Internet. It is characterized by violations of spelling rules, but they are violated in such a way that a word written in an unusual way sounds familiar, which is why the distorted name “Albanian” stuck. According to some linguists, this name stuck due to its consonance with the word “blockhead”. After all, initially, witty and grammatically aware Internet users cheerfully parodied the numerous errors and typos that flooded a variety of sites, especially those that provide the opportunity for a live exchange of opinions. This is the history of the name, and the phenomenon itself originated in the late 90s.

1.2. Causes of occurrence and spread.

According to linguists and psychologists, the following reasons for the emergence of “Albany” Internet slang can be identified:

The desire of a separate group to close itself off from the outside world. Using a special form of communication, they express their protest not only against linguistic, but also against social norms;

Setting up to create a relaxed atmosphere of communication;

The desire to express yourself in an original, fashionable, bright way;

Following fashion, the desire to be like everyone else;

The desire to create something new, your own, personal;

The desire of young people to speak out, to produce the so-called emotional “release” during aggression or stressful situations;

Internet slang, according to people who use it, is more economical and convenient than literary language. Slang, unlike the norm, is able to express thoughts more clearly, more flexible and more specifically;

Active useSMS(it is customary to shorten words and expressions using abbreviations, which is also typical for Internet slang);

Albany language - written colloquial speech - can combine the capabilities of written speech (communication at a distance) and oral speech (vivid emotionality).

1.3. Stages of Internet language development.

M It is possible to distinguish several stages in the development of this linguistic phenomenon:

Mass development of the Internet by the Russian-speaking contingent, during which numerous mistakes are made.

This caused a negative reaction among many literate users. But the “new spelling” has supporters. Arguments:

It took a long time to write competently (one must take into account that the Internet was exclusively “text-based”, no Skype or likes). Writing “Darova” (6 characters) is faster than “Hello” (12 characters).

When typing using the “I write as I hear” principle, no time is wasted on checking literacy.

Competent people launched a campaign called “banter.” It was at this stage that all sorts of words like"krosavcheg", "drink poison", "krevedko", "Afftar zhot"etc.

- The phenomenon has become popular. He was supported by not very literate schoolchildren; adults who also have literacy problems; supporters of "economy"; “text punks”, for whom illiteracy is a form of protest against the “bigotry and hypocrisy” of society; “fashionistas” who support everything if “it’s fashionable now”; people who just feel the urge to misbehave sometimes.

1.4. Rules of the "Albanian language".

At first glance, “Albanian” differs from Russian only in the abundance of spelling errors. But these mistakes are intentional, not accidental. Spelling rules are violated in such a way that a word written in an unusual way sounds familiar. By analyzing the words, you can identify the rules by which the “Albany” letter is drawn up.

- “and” in an unstressed position turns into “e”, “a” into “o”: hi - preved, handsome - into krosavcheg;

Unstressed “o” and “a”, “i” and “e” change places: devAchko, blANDinkO, smIshno;

Instead of “ts” and “ts” “ts” are used: deruTsTsa, dareTsTsa;

- “zhi” - “shi” turn into “zhy” - “shy”: animal;

- “sch” is replaced by “sch” and vice versa: eSCho, Shchastya;

- “I”, “yu” change to “ya”, “yu”: YAD, pachitaYU;

Voiceless consonants at the end of a word and before other voiceless consonants in the middle of a word turn into voiced ones: Pushkin - PuZhken, participant - participation;

The suffix “chick” into the suffix “cheg”: chairCHEG.

Merging words: niasilil.

1.4. Scope of use.

Most often, “Albanian” is used when writing comments on texts in blogs, chats and forums. Today, there are various social networks, communication in which is the leading means of communication: “Vkontakte”, “My World”, “Odnoklassniki”, “Facebook”. In addition, this language is gradually moving from virtual life to real life. Increasingly, it can be found in advertising, on store windows; individual phrases can sometimes be heard on TV or radio, or read in magazines and newspapers.

1.5. Features of the “Albanian language”.

After analyzing Internet texts and replicas, the following features were identified:

The form of existence of the “Albanian language” is written;

The main principle is “as I hear, so I write,” with minor deviations;

At the level of vocabulary, one can note the poverty of the “Albanian language”, consisting mainly of set expressions. In addition, there is polysemy: many expressions have several meanings, often very far from each other, for example: “how scary it is to live” in both literal and figurative meanings (“tired of your topic, switch”). Abundance of colloquial vocabulary;

At the morphological level, the following patterns can be seen: adverbs with the meaning of evaluation are often used, adverbs as interjections (“glamorous”, “gothic”), verbs in the imperative mood (“peshi escho”), the use of verbs in the third person instead of the first (“biezzo in hysterics"), inconsistency between the verb and the noun “kisa abidelos”), onomatopoeic words in a meaning unusual for them (“kisakuku” in the meaning “inadequate”);

At the syntax level, there is monotony and poverty of sentences, most often consisting of a subject, a predicate and rarely an object and a circumstance. There are many nominal sentences and sentences with addresses that are not separated by commas. There are a lot of exclamatory sentences (expression of evaluation).

Let us summarize the preliminary results: what is the “Albanian language”?

Almost all linguists agree that the main principle of its creation was a game and that games of this kind have already existed in the history of the Russian language. M. Krongauz says in one of his interviews: “I gave an example of famous linguists who played such a game. They invited their colleagues to write down words with as many errors as possible that did not affect pronunciation, for example, “ozpirand.” If you read it according to the rules of the Russian language, it reads like the incorrect entry “graduate student.” That is, the most incorrect recording of this word is what is called a spelling in school. You need to select all the spellings and make a mistake in each spelling. So it turned out that linguists played this, but they did not set out to communicate using this game. And at the beginning of the 20th century, Ilya Zdanevich wrote the work “Janko Krul of Albania,” where he experimented with writing words.”
In linguistic terms, "Albany" is slang. It does not develop, only existing words and expressions are consolidated. Linguist Alexander Berdichevsky believes that the concept introduced by British linguist Michael Halliday - “anti-language” - is suitable for defining the essence of the “Albanian language”.At our request, the Trans-Baikal poet, prose writer and journalist Maxim Stefanovich expressed his opinion about the “Albanian language”. From his point of view, the “Albany” language is absolutely nothing new in the language system. The “Albany” language is a manifestation of slang culture, which originates in the unconscious desire of people to create their own coordinate system as opposed to the already existing one. Slang is always a protest phenomenon. No one ever speaks slang, it is only used in individual cases and situations as a means of identification in a “friend or foe” manner and as a way to assert oneself in one’s own or others’ eyes as a unique and different person. Slang is part of a certain subculture. It is impossible to consider both of these concepts in isolation from each other. Adoption of slang is typical for people who are knowledgeable and feel

the need to join the bulk of slang culture carriers. This is not a language as such, but only a form of communicative adaptation in the same environment, a kind of verbal game and verbal juggling, a way to have fun and enjoy the game itself of “kibalchi boys”. “Albany” language, like any other form of slang, is based on an associative link to something “new”, “unusual”, “cool”, “fashionable” and “cool”. People who use slang in their communication with each other experience the real pleasure that they receive at the moment of meeting this linguistic phenomenon. The person remembers this “shock pleasure” and wants to speak slang. Maxim Krongauz believes that “Albansky” should be distinguished from the language of “bastards”, since the latter contains swear words and expressions, which cannot be said about “Albansky”.

Chapter 2. Ambiguous points of view on the “Albanian language” as a phenomenon.

Having studied various sources, we saw completely different opinions on this issue: from extremely negative to positive. Let's introduce some of them.

2.1. Positive assessments of the existence and use of Internet language.

Vitaly Kostomarov, academician of the Russian Academy of Education, president of the Institute of Russian Language and Literature named after. A.S. Pushkina, member of the board of the Federal Target Program for the Russian Language, believesthat everything is fine with the Russian language, it is developing according to its innermost internal laws, and there are no threats to the language from Internet slang, because the search for new spelling possibilities is underway. The current set of spelling and punctuation rules, approved in 1956, has ceased to satisfy young people. She invented a kind of linguistic game. Young people deliberately break the rules; they conduct a curious search. V. Kostomarov suggests that much can be revised without any loss to the language. For example, we write “chicken”, “circus”, but the pronunciation is equally firm. It is quite possible to simplify by eliminating the “and” after the “ts”. “Let me compare the rules of spelling and punctuation, say, with the rules of the road. Ignorance of the latter can lead to tragedy. What about spelling rules? If someone doesn’t know them, they will only laugh at him. At the same time, the rules of the road, if desired, can be learned in a week. But we have been teaching the rules of spelling and punctuation for 10 years and still know them poorly. It's time to ask the question: what's the matter? Apparently something is preventing them from being absorbed? “The Albany language” precisely indicates that there is a search for more rational rules,” concludes academician V. Kostomarov.
Literary critic Vyacheslav Kuritsyn also does not see anything wrong with using the “Albanian language,” saying that, in essence, this is poetry, a joyful childish desire to play with words, and such ease of handling language can only be envied.

2.2 Neutral assessments of the existence and use of the “Albanian language”.

First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev maintains a neutral position: “It is impossible to control the study in the country of this “alternative” Russian language used on the Internet. I think that this must be taken into account, at a minimum. You may or may not like this language environment, someone may say that this is a change in the norms and rules of the Russian language, but this is an existing, developing language environment, which, by the way, is still based on the Russian language."

Maxim Stefanovich believes that there is no need to be afraid of this phenomenon. Like any slang, “Albanian language” will very soon be replaced by something else, another form of communication, since the addiction factor and the “broken record” syndrome will inevitably take their toll. Some people mistakenly classify carriers of slang culture as “poorly educated idiots.” Such people undoubtedly occur in the slang community, but, as a rule, slang is not an indicator of a person’s intelligence. On the contrary, he speaks of a special type of personality consciousness and human character.

The opinion of Anatoly Wasserman is also interesting. He takes the position that the “Albanian language” as a subculture of the Internet is not dangerous for the language, for the culture as a whole, but, in his opinion, excessive pessimism is much more dangerous.

2.3. Negative judgments on the problem of the existence and use of the “Albanian language”.

Writer Mikhail Lifshits believes that the “Albanian language” is a continuation of illiterate speech. Using this “newspeak” is more convenient and easier than using the correct Russian language. For simple thoughts that are expressed in this language, sometimes letters are not needed - pluses, numbers, and parentheses are enough. And it’s easy to show aggression, and it’s easy to insert swear words. “If a person under 25 years of age does not understand the “Albanian language,” then he is behind the times, and if after 25 years a person uses this language, he ... has not matured.”

Young people who prefer to speak in Albanian are robbing themselves, says Marina Degtyareva, Doctor of Philology. “It is impossible to write “preved” and “medved” every day, and then easily switch to the scientific style of an essay or dissertation. It is impossible to constantly express your thoughts and emotions with the help of speech clichés, and then, when circumstances require it, to speak beautifully, competently, freely. A person with eyes callused with "ashipka" will not perceive all the charm of classical literature. And, of course, one cannot expect literacy from him when writing. Mangling words will inevitably worsen the literacy situation. A hand that is accustomed to writing incorrectly will then automatically “give” an error. It could cost someone their career."

Marina Degtyareva believes that “ringing the bell” is simply necessary. If in Russian language lessons teenagers still somehow try to control their writing, then in other lessons their texts are monstrously illiterate. Moreover, they form the opinion that literacy is an atavism, because they understand each other quite well when they write in “their” language. Spelling drags grammar along with it. The syntax has also changed, not for the better. Thus, playing with the Russian language and speech leads to serious consequences: the destruction of the grammatical system of the Russian language and widespread illiteracy among young people.

The vast majority of teachers and university professors are unanimous in their opinion and talk about Internet slang as a very aggressive phenomenon, because the wrong image of the word undermines the idea of the norm, especially for those who are already not okay with it. Children seem to live in a bilingual situation: on the Internet I write as I want, and at school (if possible) - as required.

M. Krongauz, who is seriously involved in the problem of the “Albanian language,” believes that Internet spelling corruption is the games of very literate people - intellectuals. But these games are beneficial to illiterate people. And, as we know, there are more illiterate people, so spelling rules may be lost forever. The problem is that children of the Internet age read more from a screen than from a piece of paper. This means that the generation that grew up in the era of the popularity of Internet slang has not formed a single graphic appearance of the word and variability in the spelling of words is natural for them, which means that this generation is illiterate. It’s scary that today there’s no shame in writing illiterately. It’s good if a person with established literate writing skills uses this language, for him it’s really a game. And for children, the use of Internet slang threatens that it will gradually become the norm for them, and we will end up with a completely illiterate generation.

It must also be said that not the entire Internet community has switched to “Albanian”. Over the past few years, several events have taken place, the meaning of which is united by the motto: “I can speak Russian!” Signs “I am writing in Russian”, “Please do not disturb authors”, “I want to read texts in correct Russian” decorated many diaries of live journals and personal pages of social network users.

So, we are convinced that opinions are very different. Let's summarize some results.Supporters “Albanian language” put forward the following arguments in favor of this phenomenon:

By practicing the “Albanian language”, its speakers find unexpected combinations and spellings, which develops the language and suggests its further path of development. Such an experiment has already happened: futurists at the beginning of the twentieth century. experimented with language and treated it very freely, for example, Velimir Khlebnikov;

- “Albanian language” is just a game that allows you to take a break from everyday affairs and worries. There's nothing scary about this game;

- “Albanian” provides significantly more opportunities for expressing an emotional state;

Often the use of "Albanian" causes a comic effect, which is very funny;

Writing outside the rules is much easier; it is liberating, since a person is not afraid to make mistakes and expresses his thoughts much more accurately and completely.

Opponents give the following arguments:

Futurists created new words and unexpected combinations of words with the goal of changing the reader's view of the world. What is the point of using "Albanian"? Laugh? Play? Their works were works of art, that is, they had the goal of creating an image;

If an adult, educated person plays, then there is nothing wrong with that: he always knows where the boundaries of the game are. What if a child or teenager is playing? Is it dangerous;

Emotions and expression in Albany are basically reduced to two states: good or bad. There are no shades to express emotions;

Writing without rules is the main reason for the disruption of the communicative function of language (the older generation does not understand the younger).

Chapter 3. Practical part. Conducting an experiment.

The experiment was conducted among 7th grade students. First, the subjects were asked several questions:

Do you know what “Albanian language” is?

When corresponding on the Internet, do you use distorted words such as “preved”, “handsome”, “zhzhot”, etc.?

How often do you communicate on the Internet (every day, 1-2 times a week, very rarely).

The survey results are presented in the diagram.

Thus, the survey showed that none of the students had heard of the “Albanian language,” but people. “Albanisms” are actively used. seventh graders communicate daily, 1-2 times a week, but very rarely.

After the survey, the experiment participants were asked to write a short dictation. The dictation was passed with “5” - people, “4” - , “3” - , “2” -

Then the subjects were offered the same text, but in “Albanian” - with distortions. The guys had to write it every day for 5 days. On the 6th day, the same text was dictated to them again; the seventh graders had to write it down in correct Russian.

The results of the first and second dictations are presented in the table.

The test results showed that spelling literacy worsened among the participants, but remained at the same level. Children with poor spelling skills performed worse on the text. There were mistakes made in the words they wrote with distortions over the course of 5 days. Children with well-developed spelling skills noted that they wrote more slowly than usual, having to stop and think about how to spell a word, whereas previously they did so automatically. The experiment showed that “Albany language” negatively affects students’ literacy.

Conclusion.

So, in our work we tried to analyze the speech of users of social networks and various forums. It has been revealed that the “Albanian language” is used in the speech of representatives of different age groups (11-45 years old) and serves for communication, evaluation and as an expressive means of expression. From the examples given, it is clear that points of view on this phenomenon are very ambiguous. One thing becomes completely clear to me: the language should be used very carefully, it is necessary to learn to distinguish between lexical layers that are different in stylistic coloring, to choose the right language means that are adequate to the specific communication situation, to take into account the “addressee factor”, for which it is necessary not only to know the norms of the literary language , but also to analyze live speech. I believe that the “Albanian language” should not be “released” from the Internet into real life. It is useless to ban it, because a ban only gives rise to irritation and aggression. But it is possible and necessary to fight it. First of all, it must be a struggle with oneself, which manifests itself in the desire for self-improvement. It is necessary to read real poetry, real prose, only then will you be able to feel all the beauty of our beautiful language and you certainly won’t want to distort it.

This work required me to study a large number of sources with different opinions of people, but this work was not done in vain. She made me study a linguistic phenomenon that exists currently and causes heated debate among people. This emphasizes the relevance of the issue under consideration, as well as its significance for the modern generation, because it depends on us how our language will develop.

My research work does not mean the end of the study of the modern Internet language, it will be interesting to trace its further history, whether the “Albanian language” will be used for a few more years, or will lose its existence, perhaps it will be replaced by some new “language” After all, in the modern world everything changes very quickly.
The materials of the work can be used by Russian language teachers and class teachers to conduct lessons, discussions and class hours on the problems of the modern Russian language. The work can be used to design school wall newspapers or to write an article for the regional newspaper “Petrovskaya Nov”, because this material is very interesting not only for young people, but also for the older generation. I plan to put a dictionary of “Albany” words and expressions in the form of a booklet and distribute it to the children, perhaps they will reconsider their attitude towards this phenomenon, because this dictionary is so similar to the simple dictionary of Ellochka the Ogre from “12 Chairs” by I. Ilf and E. Petrov, which, as you know, only needed thirty words to communicate and which looks funny and pitiful.

P . S . One of the points of the American military doctrine contains references to the education system. It says that the destruction of the education system is one of the components of a successful victory over the Enemy. And if the American military emphasizes this point so seriously, then any state should think about its “foundation” - culture and its legacy for future generations.

Annex 1.

Dictionary of “Albany” words and expressions.

Aftar zhzhot - Expresses admiration, one of the most famous cliches.
Hellish (from “hellish”) - usually hellishly good, strong.

“Drink poison” is a low assessment of the author’s work.
Zhiznenna - a positive assessment that emphasizes the vitality of the situation.
Zachot - a high positive assessment.

Ya - I (personal pronoun).
Krosafcheg - admiration for an animated subject of discussion with an element of irony.
Mosk is the brain.
Nipadetzski - “very”, “seriously”, adverb. Used to enhance expression.

Patstalom - says that the reader fell under the table laughing and is currently writing from under it.
Laughing - a comment on a funny or ridiculous post/comment.
Ubeisibyaapstenu - low assessment of the author's work.
Ftopku is an extremely negative assessment.
Hunderstand (from the English understand - to understand) - to understand Albanian, to be fluent in Albanian language.
Still here? - the question “Still here?”
Ъ is a symbol of the Albanian language that needs to be highlighted separately. Denotes the truth, reality, genuineness of something. Used separately: “Ъ!!!” - “I’m amazed, I simply have no words from the feelings overwhelming me,” or as an ending in some words (for example, “ya cried”), which emphasizes their increased emotional load, that is, that this is really “labor.”

Report: Padonkaf language or Albanian language. Albanian language

Plan:

Introduction

1. Characteristics

2. History

2.1. Origin of the name "Albany"

2.2. Spreading

3. Memes

3.1. Preved

3.2. Bobruisk

4. In popular culture

5. Possible prototypes

Sources

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