Why do you need to learn Russian? Not only foreigners who are starting to learn the Russian language are puzzled by this question. Some Russians are also perplexed why they need to know the complex rules of grammar, why learn to put accents correctly, when they can do without it.
Quite weighty arguments can be made in defense of the Russian language. For a foreigner, the main reasons for learning the Russian language will be five main factors:
1. It is the Russian language that, in addition to French and English, is one of the three world languages in which all existing international standards can be read.
2. Russian language is one of the most melodic and beautiful-sounding languages in the world.
3. Knowledge of the Russian language makes it possible to read scientific treatises of great Russian scientists and works of literary classics in the original.
4. Russian is spoken in Russia, a country that is larger in area than any other country on the globe.
5. For foreigners, a serious argument will be that the Russian language, along with English, is used for communication on the international space station.
A foreigner who begins to study Russian should be warned in advance about the complexity of the language. What seems normal for any Russian speaker who has been listening to this language since the cradle presents a serious difficulty for foreigners. Russian has many more rules to learn than English or German.
But the most surprising thing is that it is sometimes more difficult to convince a person living in Russia and being a native speaker than a foreigner that the Russian language needs to be studied and known. Many Russians, instead of beautiful Russian speech, are content with an unintelligible mixture of vulgarisms and interjections interspersed with slang words and unacceptable figures of speech.
To convince such a person, you should let him hear his own speech, having first recorded it on a voice recorder. It is necessary to provide a person with the opportunity not only to listen to his own awkward chatter, but also to compare it with the speech of a professional reader or actor. To do this, just play a recording of a reading of a classic story or poem. Perhaps, having caught a clear difference, a person will understand how much he needs a deep study of his native language.
Many explain the uselessness of literacy by the presence of spell check functions in computer programs. Like, the computer will check everything itself. Of course, text editors and browsers do this check. But their databases do not include all words of the Russian language, which can often cause considerable problems.
And mobile phones usually do not have such functions at all. And today many people go online and communicate using mobile communications. Thus, the T9 system simply does not recognize an incorrectly entered word. Therefore, it will be very difficult for an illiterate person to write a text using such a technique.
The conclusion is that in the age of computerization, being literate is just as important as before. If an illiterate person has a question about publishing his articles somewhere, he is unlikely to find a publishing house that would like to correct his countless mistakes - or he will have to pay a lot of money for such a service. Sometimes it is easier for an editor to refuse such an author.
So, maybe it’s worth learning the rules of your native language so as not to complicate life for yourself or others?
It is necessary in order to fully express your thoughts. If you have little or no knowledge of Russian, you will be able to speak logically and convincingly by learning how to form words into sentences, sentences into paragraphs, and paragraphs into whole text. Clarity of expression of thoughts can be achieved if you know the meaning of terms, their origin and know how to select them. Your speech will be varied if you constantly add new words to your vocabulary. Depths of expression will help you achieve knowledge about the figurative meaning in, ways of using subtext and intertext. Finally, knowing the language, you will be able to speak truly beautifully, using the widest palette of means of expression.
A thorough and subtle perception of the listed language resources will help you not only speak out, but also understand the speech of others much better. You will be able to understand and grasp all the nuances of the interlocutor’s speech, which means you will quickly achieve mutual understanding. This is useful in personal communication, in business contacts and in a broader sense - in perceiving the flow of information that accompanies us every day.
As you study, you will discover the hidden meaning of works of art that seem to have been read a long time ago, their film adaptations have been reviewed many times and studied almost by heart. Writers, poets, film directors, script authors who created masterpieces were fluent, and therefore used the resources of this tool to the maximum.
However, not only literary texts come across to us. Articles in, radio messages - all this makes up the daily information background. Thanks to knowledge of the finest nuances of the Russian language, you will be able to understand the true meaning of texts in the media, which means you can better understand the essence of the processes taking place in the state and society and take this into account in building your own life, as well as public life.
It’s not for nothing that Russians are called great and powerful. This is one of the most difficult language ov of the world. It is one of the world's language ov, official at the UN. Learn Russian language Many foreigners come every year, trying to communicate with native speakers language A. However, it wouldn’t hurt for Russian speakers themselves to learn their native language properly. language.
Instructions
The first thing to start studying any language and - and sounds. There are methods that immediately begin training by getting into communication. However, you will agree that studying language but still can’t do without some boring things. What is especially difficult for foreigners is that language The Cyrillic alphabet is not used. However, for carriers language and this stage can present certain difficulties. In our great and mighty world, not everything is like that, don’t be deceived. Do we say "milk"? Not at all, listen to yourself, we say “malako” or even “mlako”. All these features confuse Russian-speaking people, and countless problems with spelling begin.
Another important stage in studying language A - . Difficulties are everywhere here - from suffixes and alternations of sounds and prefixes to difficulties in learning and understanding syntax. Many foreigners say that grammar is not important and ask to be taught language and without studying grammar. However, this is hardly possible: even if a foreigner learned by communicating with native speakers language ah, without correct grammar his Russian language it will still be like he’s half-educated. He is unlikely to be able to reach the level of carriers language A. But the carriers themselves language and they often suffer from grammatical errors, so pay as much attention as possible to this section.
At the initial stage of learning Russian language and foreigners are usually not taught spelling. Stylistics also comes much later than the mastery of basic principles, basic rules, and a significant layer of vocabulary. To the carriers themselves language but it won’t hurt to thoroughly study spelling and punctuation, firstly, to increase your status (you must admit, literate people are at a premium these days), and secondly, so that other people understand you better (the correct spelling of words and the correct placement of signs often depends the meaning of the statement), and stylistics - of course, in order to compose stylistically correct, verified texts, especially if this is required of a person for work.
Foreigners learn vocabulary gradually, usually by topic (daily routine, food, restaurant, etc.). For carriers language and, especially for those who have already dealt with both school and university, they have to replenish their vocabulary themselves. In our language There are a lot of words, good and different, except those that are formed from five swearing roots. Ellochka the cannibal syndrome from “The 12 Chairs” (remember this character?) is, unfortunately, a very common illness today. However, it is possible to recover from it if you take the books of classics and the best modern writers as a medicine. Tolstoy, Chekhov, Bunin, Kuprin - do you remember any of them?
Help for foreigners in learning Russian language and listening: viewing in Russian language with subtitles, TV shows in Russian language e. Carriers language Or it would be possible to prescribe widespread literacy tests as a cure for many spelling, grammatical and punctuation diseases. But for both, the most important thing is the incentive, the desire to learn something and achieve something. So go for it!
Why do people need language? It would seem that the very posing of such a question is absurd: well, how can you do without language! However, try to put aside your emotions and answer this question calmly and judiciously. What functions does language perform, what is its use?
Instructions
Language is absolutely necessary as communication between people, as a way of coordinating their actions and efforts. In the deep
Why study Russian?
We have been given possession of the richest, most accurate,
the mighty and truly magical Russian language.
Man came into this world to be happy. From the first minutes
in life they surround him with care, affection, they try to understand and fulfill
the slightest desires. He hears the measured murmur of his native speech from
mother's lips Then he learns the words that give him peace and
confidence, tries to put sounds into meaningful phrases. And when is it
succeeds, feels happy, happy that he is understood.
So gradually we learn about the world, at first only out of curiosity, then
as necessary, to find your place in it. At the same time we
mastering the language. Language, having arisen from the need for communication, became
the most important means of knowledge. To study any subject or
a phenomenon must be named and then characterized in words. Inability
naming objects means not knowing them. Any problem must be
first of all, it is formulated in the words of language. Ability to express correctly
expressing your thoughts in words is not an easy task, but it is necessary. Even in normal
In a conversation, the speaker must be able to express thoughts in such a way that the listener
understood it accordingly. A poorly expressed thought is not only
inability to speak, but also inability to think. According to the academician
D.S. Likhacheva, the greatest value of a people is its language. "Language, on
in which he writes, speaks, thinks. Thinks!...After all, this means that all
A person’s conscious life passes through his native language. Emotions,
sensations - only color what we think, or push
thought in some respect, but our thoughts are all formulated in language.”
The way a person speaks determines how educated he is. A
after all, this is not a trifle. If a person is fluent in the language, then this
allows him to express any thought. He can convince you that he is right
any opponent. When you are surrounded by educated people, you want to be
worthy of their attention. I want to participate in the conversation, to be heard
and understood, and for this you need to speak the language, your native Russian language.
The language you have heard since childhood, spoken by those close to you
people, thanks to whom others understand you, with whom you
build your life, a happy life.
“There are places in the World where you can remain silent, but to become successful,
to live with dignity and be happy, you must be able to speak...
Of course, it is impossible to create something from scratch. Language -
guardian of the past, our memory, our cultural heritage. He takes
the most important place in human activity, allowing the study of science and
production, morals and customs, engage in politics and art.
For traditional Russian culture it has always been important not only
the result of any mental activity, but also the course of thinking itself,
which can only be expressed in language, in text. Even if a person
in his professional activity, such as a chemist or
mathematician, operates with knowledge of other, non-verbal systems, that is
chemical and mathematical signs, he must be able to translate these
knowledge of normal Russian. Any information, knowledge
transmitted primarily verbally.
D.S. Likhachev wrote: “The language reflected the “internal forces” of the people - their
tendency towards emotionality, diversity of characters and types
relationship to the world. If it is true that the language of a people reflects its
national character (and this is certainly true), then national character
The Russian people are extremely internally diverse, rich,
contradictory. And all this had to be reflected in the language"
Thus, there is the language of the people as an indicator of its culture and the language
an individual person as an indicator of his personal qualities, human qualities,
who uses the language of the people. In this regard, we can talk about language
as an exponent of the national mentality.
This is especially evident among emigrants. If the person left
live abroad, there is a high probability that due to poor treatment
Russian language he will not be able to take his rightful place in the emigrant
environment and correctly convey their culture to children. Why only in the distance?
Do cultural traditions become more valuable from the Motherland?
The organizers of the forum, held in March 2009 in London,
initiative of the EUROLOG-UK association and with the support of the Russian
world”, conducted an oral express survey among participants on the topic: “Why
Do you need to study Russian abroad?
The answers were: “Out of respect for the grandparents who
live in Russia"; “Bilinguals have a broader and deeper understanding of the world than native speakers.
one language"; “To preserve your self”; "So that from our children
Ivans did not grow up, not remembering their kinship”; "So that our children
there are more opportunities to find your place in life”; "Bilingualism
helps to avoid conflict between fathers and children”... The most unusual
a variant of parental motivation was the answer of one of the participants
forum: “Russian culture and Russian literature educate a person
future"
The idea of the uniqueness of Russian culture is widespread throughout the world. A
true interest in the Russian language is based on the desire to join
3 to the world of an unknown culture, on the desire to know the truth. Public
organizations strive to unite people, promote dialogue between cultures,
strengthen respect for different nations and religions. Now, in effect
socio-political, social changes in society, Russian
language reaches another level: along with the language of interethnic
communication, it becomes the language of a powerful trading partner, the language
searching for answers to eternal questions. Peaceful, economically powerful and
spiritual Russia is not a threat to the world, but a guarantor of peace and prosperity on earth.
This idea should form the basis of patriotic education in
our country. Conscious love for one's people cannot be combined with
hatred from others. “Patriotism is the noblest of feelings. This
It’s not even a feeling – it’s the most important aspect of both personal and social
culture of the spirit, when a person and the whole people seem to rise above themselves
yourself, setting super-personal goals for yourself.”
But is it really possible to talk about the formation of a civic position?
the younger generation, without studying the history of the state, without analyzing
present without building prospects for the future? The spokesman for Russian
mentality, as mentioned above, is the Russian language.
Therefore, love for language and culture is the most important component
love for the Motherland. Accordingly, through nurturing love for the Motherland,
a love for the native language is instilled.
Thus, the question of studying Russian becomes relevant.
language as a school subject. So, why study Russian?
When entering school, the child already speaks Russian. He is with
for one and a half years he speaks more or less normally with his mother, with friends and
gets everything he needs. This means that the language performs the main function for him
communication function. The baby already speaks the language, but as a user.
Each of us can communicate in Russian, this is indisputable. AND
the problem lies not in some uselessness of the native language, but in
misunderstanding, why bother with it if we already know it? True, on
There are great doubts about the latter. Enough to place
person into a more complex linguistic situation - drawing up an important
document, filling out a form, business negotiations, etc. - to see
there is confusion on his face mixed with self-doubt. This is where
it becomes clear how far from the truth the common phrase “And I’m Russian and so
I know"
Usually children, and often parents too, are driven by only one desire -
pass the Unified State Exam as soon as possible and forget the Russian language like a bad dream. And this
despite the fact that they have to speak, read and write everything in it
life. It would probably be strange to see a captain who doesn't care in
what is the state of his ship's controls? Or a gardener who has
For many years I haven’t thought about sharpening my scissors or shovel. And here
For some reason, this treatment of the native language seems to some people
normal. But language is the same tool, and we use it
every day throughout our lives, whether we like it or not. And therefore
treats him with disdain - stupid and short-sighted. Especially
if you consider yourself a modern person, keeping up with
time.
In order for the general attitude towards language learning to change, it is necessary
change your attitude towards teaching it. Needs to be restored
cognitive interest in learning the Russian language. Inside this course
subject at school there are two parts of all material: theoretical and
practical. It is with the practical part that the adult will be involved
a person in his daily life. The practical goal is achieved by
formation of competent writing skills and speech development. Theoretical
the goal is achieved by introducing students to the basics of linguistic
knowledge. At the same time, each participant in the learning process must know
what he does in class and for what purpose. For example, we want to introduce
student with the basics of linguistic concepts. For what? To develop it
logical and abstract thinking. You need to write and compose correctly
texts. Why? Because it is an element of general culture.
The subject “Russian language” needs to be studied in order to correctly and skillfully
use speech in various situations, which is mandatory
functional literacy. Using language knowledge in communication
form the basis of speech activity. Spelling and
Punctuation literacy allows you to formalize your written speech.
The changes taking place in modern society require
improving the educational space, clearly defining
educational goals, taking into account both state, social and
personal needs and interests. The Russian language is given the leading
place in the school discipline system. The primary importance of this
the subject is determined by the social functions of the Russian language. He
is not only an object of study, but also a means of teaching others
sciences The formation and education of personality occurs in the process
mastering the norms of the Russian language, developing its moral and ethical
qualities and creative abilities - in joining the domestic
culture, in the continuation and development of historical traditions and
continuity of generations. All of the above Education standards
defined as a competency-based approach to teaching the Russian language
The standard focuses on the implementation of unity in the practice of teaching
the process of mastering the fundamentals of linguistics and the process of forming
communication skills and skills that ensure fluency
Russian in different areas and communication situations. At the same time, the language
presented in the course in all its diversity of functions, varieties,
styles.
The dominant feature of language education is the formation
communicative culture of the individual, since the level of language proficiency
depends on the success of the entire education, social status and public
human activity.
You need to understand that knowledge of your native language will not only help you
pass the exam, but will also play a big role in the development of personality, ability
communicate, work and maintain the impression of an educated person.
Agree, the culture of oral and written speech directly influences
on the opinion about the interlocutor, and in some cases is decisive.
You may not know biology well, but if your field of activity is from it
is far away, your business partner will never guess about these gaps, while
while illiterate speech or documentation with errors will immediately indicate
There's a lot of unflattering things about you. If your job doesn't involve numbers, it's easier for you
will forgive an error in calculations than a distortion of words or incorrect
placement of accents. This is the specificity of language: we all use it,
we have only one, and often we make the first impression of a person
precisely by the quality of his speech. This should be especially remembered by people
who get a prestigious job or lead responsible
business meeting. If during an interview you demonstrate your
tongue-tied, and you make gross mistakes in your resume, then the image of you
as a promising employee will noticeably suffer. Connectivity, smoothness,
literacy and the ability to clearly express one’s thoughts - that’s what
appreciated always and everywhere. Distortion of the native language can tell about
a person is worth more than the cost of his clothes and the brand of his car.
Often students and their parents think: if I'm going to become an engineer
or a lawyer, why do I need to “drill down” so many rules of the Russian language and
think about where to place commas? It sounds like it would be logical, but even here it is not
everything is as simple as it seems. Of course, if you are studying to be an engineer,
Technical sciences should come first. But that doesn't mean that
The Russian language can be consigned forever to the distant past.
You have not ceased to be a Russian-speaking person, which means that in one way or another
In a different way, the native language will remind you of itself. And make you remember
yourself too. The reason for the “techie’s” enmity with the language lies either in laziness or
in a lack of motivation, or in pre-set barriers like this
the phrase itself. Linguistics is akin to mathematics, where everything is down to the smallest detail.
lends itself to logical explanation. Language is not a chaotic layering
rules that are comprehended by the intuition of the chosen ones, and a harmonious system,
which has been honed over centuries by its creator - the people. But people could not create something
what is incomprehensible and inaccessible to them.
It is a big mistake to think that the Russian language is only needed
to literature teachers and linguists in dusty libraries. All of us
We participate in any transactions, sign various papers, draw up
reports, fill out questionnaires, communicate verbally, in chats and by mail. And in
in most cases we are afraid to make a mistake, to hit our face in
dirt, harm yourself and others. Language is closely related to
life, which means it is in the interests of everyone to be on friendly terms with him
relationships.
Revisiting modern language requirements
education, it should be noted that the Standard provides
targeted improvement of such vitally important
information skills, such as using different types of reading
(viewing, introductory, introductory-studying,
introductory and abstract, studying, scanning, etc.) in
depending on the communicative setting and the nature of the text; extraction
necessary information from various sources (educational and scientific
texts, reference books, media and Internet resources); mastery
the main methods of information processing of text; Creation
own speech utterances of different styles and genres based on
text read or listened to (synopsis, abstract, annotation and
etc.). In this regard, I would like to address the teacher’s comments
of the Russian language Olga Makarenko regarding maintaining your own on the Internet
blogs:
“It’s no secret that many blogosphere users are fighting for
readers' attention, trying to attract as much as possible to their posts
people and expand your list of virtual friends. In my opinion,
an illiterate person will never be able to achieve these goals. Why? Yes
simply because the perception of a new text directly depends on the purity
its language, number of spelling errors, punctuation and style
presentation. Even if the one who views someone else's blog does not himself
is distinguished by deep knowledge of his native language, he still, due to
reader's memory, reacts to the ways in which the author's thoughts are presented.
Paradoxically, even such a “semi-literate” reader usually
feels irritated when faced with carelessly written text, where
gross errors distort the appearance of words, the absence of commas makes it difficult
understanding the meaning, where capital letters are not used, but sentences
They are constructed so intricately that you have to re-read them 2-3 times. A
all because the authors of such texts only think about the fact that
write, but don't think how to write. It's no wonder that
"garbage" blogs are not in great demand: in our age, no
lack of information, a person has plenty to choose from, and he is not at all
I want to turn daily reading of the Internet into hard labor.”
Thus, while remaining relevant, the question of the need
learning the Russian language has very clear answers. The world is becoming everything
more technologically advanced, and to succeed in life, you must have
developed intellect. What contributes to the development of the brain and intelligence?
The need to connect words into a complete text and write it from
hands. This has been proven by psychologists. This means that when we write, our
intelligence.
But is it only intelligence that matters? In a person's professional life
It also requires a lot of useful skills, knowledge and abilities. Important
an integral part of any professional activity is
communication. Back in the 30s of the last century, American psychologist Dale
Carnegie believed that a person's professional knowledge determines his success
depend on only 15%, and on the ability to communicate - by 85%!
So, if you know how to behave with people appropriately, you
you have a chance to succeed in business, career and
entrepreneurial activity.
What skills are still important for a modern person? Skill
introduce yourself, talk about what you know and can do, ability
speak in front of an audience, argue correctly, defend your point
vision.
Skill in working with texts and oral information is also required. But
if you have all the listed qualities, but write with
mistakes, then you will only dream of career growth. It's obvious that
literacy is a mandatory and necessary quality of any successful
person.
Indeed, the Russian language is the key to professional and
success in life, therefore, to a feeling of happiness. So maybe this is
is there a reason why you need to learn a language? To develop and live!
After all, in the words of Herzen: “Where the word has not perished, the deed is not yet
died"
Sometimes we don’t think about the simplest things: they exist and that’s it, and everyone uses them automatically. For example, why does a person need a tongue (not the one in the mouth, but the one we speak)? After all, if you look at it, it is one of the main characteristics that distinguishes us from the animal world. And perhaps, if speech had not arisen, people would still be at the lowest level of development. So, why does a person need language? We will try to sort this issue out for you.
Means of communication
Why does a person need a language? In any society, even the most primitive and primitive, every participant wants and is forced to communicate with other people. Without this communication, existence is impossible. By the way, according to scientists, if a person finds himself in a situation where there is no opportunity to communicate with other people, then in most cases there is a high probability that he will go wild or go crazy. So, communication is a basic need and need for everyone. And language acts as a means for this communication.
Why do people need the Russian language?
And some languages exist between different peoples. Different nations choose for themselves one of the languages (or so it develops historically), in which it is most convenient to negotiate and solve assigned problems. It acts as a unifying principle for many millions of people. This means of interethnic communication is ours, great and powerful. Why do people need the Russian language? How else do you imagine, for example, communication between an Eskimo and a Dagestani or any other representatives of our Motherland, where many nations live? For them, the Russian language is as native as the national language, and serves for state and public purposes.
Manifold
According to the latest scientific data, a great variety of languages are spoken on planet Earth (for some researchers this figure has exceeded 6000, for others - 2500). However, if you ask the average citizen of any country, he will certainly name a much smaller number - only up to a hundred. The difficulty of determining what exactly is considered an independent language, and whether it is a dialect, lies in the lack of knowledge. There are languages spoken by a tiny number of native speakers (only a few hundred). Such languages are found in Africa and Polynesia. And the 170 languages of the American Indians are spoken only by limited groups of people (mostly old people), and these languages are gradually dying out. There are up to 160 such languages in the Himalayas, and more than 250 in the Niger River basin.
Complex and simple languages
Many of the existing languages are not written. Some are very original in their forms. Thus, in the language of the American Indians Chippewa there are about 6 thousand forms of verbs. And in the Tabasaran language in Dagestan there are 44 cases. The Haida language has 70 prefixes, and the Eskimo language has as many as 63 present tense forms. But Chinese is recognized as one of the most complex active linguists in the world: it has more than twenty million hieroglyphs! The easiest is Hawaiian (one of the dialects of Polynesia). There are only 6 consonants and 5 vowels - enviable minimalism! But in any of these above languages you can express feelings, emotions, talk about business, talk about yourself and your country.
The role of language
Why does a person need language, what is its role in the life of society? The greatest minds of mankind sought answers to these questions. But, without delving into the jungle of doxology, we can say briefly and succinctly: with the help of language, people pass on their knowledge and experience from one generation to another. And at the moment when speech was recorded in writing, human civilization arose. In the modern world, the languages of many peoples find many-sided applications in the national economy, education, and the historical aspect, developing along with scientific and technological progress.
Why does a person need a language? Essay at school
When writing an essay in school on a given topic, you should pay attention to the history of the origin of language and its main task - communication between people in society, as well as between different representatives of nationalities, talk about the role of language in ancient times and in the present. Expand the topic “Why does a person need language?” using vivid examples from the history of countries and peoples: what unifying function does, for example, Russian or English perform at the present stage.
The All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion decided to test the literacy of Russians by asking them questions from the Unified State Exam (USE) in the Russian language, which school graduates took last year. As a result, only 4% of respondents answered eight simple questions correctly.
The ongoing changes in the domestic system of knowledge control, the replacement of essays by the Unified State Exam (USE), the rapid decline in the level of literacy of the population - all this cannot but attract attention. One of the most rapidly spreading stereotypes in society is that Russian language and literature should be taught and known to humanists and future philologists. Knowing literature and being literate is not at all necessary for a mathematician or physicist.
We asked Marina Yuryevna Sidorova, Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University, to talk about the consequences of such a view of the education system.
– Marina Yuryevna, tell me, what are the goals of the course “Russian language and speech culture for non-philologists”? Why should non-philology students and even non-humanities students study Russian language and literature at a university?
– The course “Russian language and culture of speech” is part of the program for the humanization of non-humanitarian education adopted in 2001-2002 and, accordingly, the movement of humanities specialties towards the natural sciences. According to this program, the humanities received a certain set of subjects, such as “Concepts of modern natural science,” “Mathematics for the humanities,” and others, and naturalists had the opportunity to choose from about ten humanities disciplines, one of which was the subject “Russian language and speech culture.”
For traditional Russian culture, not only the result of any mental activity has always been important, but also the process of thinking itself, which can only be expressed in language, in text. Therefore, any person receiving higher education, be it an engineer, or a geographer, or an economist, a natural scientist or a humanist, must be able to express his thoughts. Moreover, even if a person in his professional activity, such as a chemist or mathematician, operates with the knowledge of other, non-verbal systems, that is, chemical and mathematical signs, he must be able to translate this knowledge into normal Russian.
Any information or knowledge is transmitted primarily through words. Experienced chess players can silently discuss a game, only rearranging the pieces, because they, as initiates, understand what is happening on the chessboard. But it is impossible to teach a child to play chess without saying a word. Likewise, an experienced tennis player only needs to correct his hand for him to understand why his stroke is incorrect. But just showing how to play will achieve little.
Therefore, not only for a future scientist or teacher, for a leader, a parent, for anyone who is going to work in a team, it is so important to be able to present and convey knowledge in normal Russian.
In addition to teaching speech culture, the objectives of this course also include teaching the culture of communication and intercultural communication, which is becoming increasingly important in the era of globalization.
– What changes in the speech culture of modern people have been observed over the past decades?
– There are standard diseases. For example, agnonymy. Agnonym is a word that a person does not understand. Modern youth knows very few words. Including words of traditional Russian culture. The point is not that a modern person needs to know what a sash is or what a wagon is. But if a person comes across a word many times and does not understand it, then he gets used to reading the text and not understanding much of it. He saw the word many times, but did not remember and will not recognize it. An airship and a stagecoach are the same thing for him, and an elixir is the same thing as an electorate. For him, securitization is the training of security agents. The second disease is very serious; it is what can be called syntactic structure incontinence, to use the medical term. This is modern clip thinking. In cognitive science, there is an opinion that it is useful to fragment information by presenting it in small parts. This is explained by the fact that RAM can hold about seven elements. But we, with Russian thinking, formed in our open spaces, in the education system, in politics, in fiction, write and speak in long sentences. Our textbooks are written, and we also read lectures in long sentences. And a modern young man is often unable to form these long sentences. He writes in the exposition: “Vasya saw an amazing pink bird,” and does not see that “the amazing pink bird” and “Vasya” are in the same nominative case. Why? Because he doesn't keep this structure in his head. Therefore, he can no longer read any instructions for using complex equipment or, say, the Yandex user agreement.
– Modern politicians speak out not only for the abolition of the essay as a final and entrance exam, but also for a significant reduction in hours for literature in high school. Why are such trends dangerous?
– The trend is actually very dangerous. And its danger lies in the fact that not only politicians, but already many educators speak out for the abolition of the essay. Supporters of the Unified State Exam say that the Unified State Exam helps select those people who should study at a university, while opponents, on the contrary, claim that the Unified State Exam does not allow them to select talented people who should study at a university. Why do we give people education at all? It turns out that we give a person an education so that he can function for us. In fact, a person does not get an education for an uncle, he gets an education for himself: in order to later have a job, a good, well-paid, pleasant one, in order to develop as a person, to have a high level of mental comfort, as formulated by the wonderful surgeon Nikolai Amosov . Studying literature at school helps shape this personality. Literature carries a certain moral charge. We read in “War and Peace” that Nikolai Rostov owes money and comes to his father and somehow tries to solve this problem. This is some of the situations a young person might find himself in. This is a pattern of behavior that can be discussed. Let me give you a very rough comparison. They ask: why do young people meet on the Internet, given that these acquaintances are very dangerous? Because this is a testing ground where you can experience some sensations, try this or that model of relationship. And reading literature also gives a certain model of relationships, in which cause and effect are clear, shows what is good and what is bad.
There is another side. Knowledge can only be transmitted verbally. Therefore, we must check whether a person is able to read a more or less complex text, rework it and create another based on it. The essay checks this. In addition, the essay allows you to check spelling and punctuation. Spelling and punctuation are a specific discipline of the brain. This is generally a human discipline. During entrance exams, physicists or chemists complain: “We have a person who will pour from test tube to test tube, and you check his commas.” If a person doesn’t care where to put a comma or a dash, then he doesn’t care. I won’t trust a test tube to a person who doesn’t put commas well, because we’ll all fly up into the air. And the Unified State Exam is a very mechanical activity.
When we write an essay, we write text. And when a person then comes to work after university, he writes texts all the time. A manager writes reports, sales plans, a computer scientist or engineer writes technical specifications. And with the help of his oral and written statements he builds relationships with other people. This needs to be taught. And select people capable of this. But I don’t see any type of future activity where it would be necessary to mark with pluses and minuses whether it’s correct or not. I just don’t see what the Unified State Exam is simulating. What real activity?